Table 2. Feed formulation and proximate analysis of experimental diets (Chen et al. 2015).

Ingredients (g kg−1)	Adequate Cu	Cu Deficiency	Cu Excess
Casein	320	320	320
Gelatin	80	80	80
Fish oil	25	25	25
Corn oil	50	50	50
Wheat flour	250	250	250
Ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate	10	10	10
NaCl	10	10	10
NaH2PO4⋅2H2O	10	10	10
CuSO4⋅5H2O	0.013	0	0.39
Vitamin premix	5	5	5
Mineral premix (Cu-free)	5	5	5
Betaine	10	10	10
Cellulose	224.987	225	224.61
Proximate analysis (% dry matter basis)
Moisture	8.63	8.58	8.92
Crude protein	34.38	34.21	34.29
Lipid	7.63	7.59	7.72
Cu (mg kg−1)	4.18	0.76	92.45

Vitamin premix according to Tan et al. (2010); Mineral premix according to Tan et al. (2010) without Cu addition. CuSO₄·5H₂O(≥99.0% in purity): Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China.