(A) Planar wave activation across a circular catheter, estimated using a cosine-fit technique. Activation times at the 8 electrodes are fit to the translated function as shown in a least-squares sense. (B) Circular wave conduction velocity and focal source, s, estimated from an arbitrary set of recording points at positions xi, with x0 being the point of earliest activation. The distances of each point from the focal source and x0 are denoted by di and ri, respectively.