Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Control (n = 133) | Intervention (n = 131) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (n women (%)) | 43 (32.33%) | 61 (46.56%) | 0.018 a |
| Age (years (±SD)) | 45.44 (± 14.67) | 49.10 (± 15.26) | 0.048 b |
| Nationality (n (%)) | |||
| German | 120 (90.2%) | 122 (93.1%) | |
| other | 13 (9.8%) | 9 (6.9%) | |
| 0.393 a | |||
| Living arrangements (n (%)) | |||
| living with family | 82 (61.7%) | 89 (67.9%) | |
| living alone | 47 (35.3%) | 39 (29.8%) | |
| living in institution/sharing a flat | 4 (3.0%) | 3 (2.3%) | |
| 0.626 d | |||
| Marital status (n (%)) | |||
| married | 67 (50.4%) | 68 (51.9%) | |
| single | 44 (33.1%) | 33 (25.2%) | |
| divorced | 17 (12.8%) | 22 (16.8%) | |
| widowed | 5 (3.8%) | 8 (6.1%) | |
| 0.405 d | |||
| Work status (n (%)) | |||
| employee | 37 (27.8%) | 49 (37.4%) | |
| unemployed | 25 (18.8%) | 19 (14.5%) | |
| pensioners | 21 (15.8%) | 23 (17.6%) | |
| incapacitated | 16 (12.0%) | 14 (10.7%) | |
| self-employed | 7 (5.3%) | 6 (4.6%) | |
| official | 7 (5.3%) | 3 (2.3%) | |
| other | 20 (15.0%) | 17 (13.0.0%) | |
| 0.604 d | |||
| Education (n (%)) | |||
| high-level | 50 (37.6%) | 44 (34.1%) | |
| intermediate-level | 72 (54.1%) | 74 (57.4%) | |
| low-level | 7 (5.3%) | 3 (2.3%) | |
| other | 4 (3.0%) | 8 (6.2%) | |
| 0.376 d | |||
| Prior psychiatric hospitalisations (n (%)) | |||
| 0–1 | 73 (54.9%) | 77 (58.8%) | |
| ≥ 2 | 60 (45.1%) | 54 (41.2%) | |
| 0.523 a | |||
| Number of drugs (Median (IQR)) | |||
| at admission | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 0.769 c |
| at discharge | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0.787 c |
| 3 months after discharge | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–6) | 0.577 c |
| Psychiatric Diagnosis (n (%)) | |||
| Mood (affective) disorder (F30-F39) | 89 (66.9%) | 88 (67.2%) | |
| Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F48) | 20 (15.0%) | 26 (19.8%) | |
| Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (F20-F29) | 13 (9.8%) | 9 (6.9%) | |
| Mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (F10-F19) | 7 (5.3%) | 5 (3.8%) | |
| Others | 4 (3.0%) | 3 (2.3%) | |
| 0.747 d | |||
| Length of stay in days (Median (IQR)) | 29.0 (20.0–47.5) | 35.0 (22.0–49.0) | 0.160 c |
| Number of comorbidities (Median (IQR)) | 2.00 (1–4) | 3.00 (2–5) | 0.006 c |
| Baseline MARS (Mean (SD)) | 22.23 (2.87) | 22.02 (3.42) | 0.919 c |
| Baseline DAI (Mean (SD)) | 1.08 (3.45) | 1.63 (3.75) | 0.215 b |
IQR, Interquartile Range. DAI, Drug Attitude Inventory. MARS, Medication Adherence Report Scale. SD, Standard Deviation.
aChi-square-test,
bStudent’s t-test,
cMann-Whitney-U-test,
dFisher’s exact test.