(A) Schematic diagram of the mfa gene cluster in P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, based on sequence NC_010729 deposited in NCBI. The cluster contains five genes, mfa1-5, in the same transcriptional orientation. (B) Mfa4 expression. Whole-cell lysates from P. gingivalis JI-1 (lane 1), FMFA4 (lane 2), and FMFA4C (lane 3) were separated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotted, and probed with Mfa4 antiserum. (C) Subcellular localization. A culture of P. gingivalis JI-1 was harvested by centrifugation. The culture supernatant (CS) was collected and proteins were concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Whole-cell lysates (W), obtained by lysing cells through French press, were fractionated into soluble (Sol), envelope (Env), inner membrane (IM), and outer membrane (OM) fractions. Mfa1 fimbriae (F) were purified from the soluble fraction and used as positive control. Samples were separated by SDS-PAGE and subjected to immunoblotting using anti-Mfa4 as probe.