Fig. 4.
Concentration-dependent effects of gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on [Ca2+]i transient in astrocytes. (A) Representative traces on GEF-mediated [Ca2+]i transient in cortical astrocytes. (B) GEF showed concentration-dependent induction of [Ca2+]i transient in cultured cortical astrocytes. The method for [Ca2+]i transient was performed according to procedures described in a previous report [9]. *p < 0.001, compared to GEF (0.03 μg/mL) treatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4).