Fig. 5.
Effect of signal transduction pathway inhibitors on gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF)-induced [Ca2+]i transients in cultured astrocytes. (A) Representative traces of GEF-mediated [Ca2+]i transients in the absence or presence of various antagonists. The arrows indicate application of GEF (1 μg/mL). LPA1/3 receptor antagonist (Ki16425, 10μM), phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor (U73122, 5μM), IP3 receptor antagonist (2-APB, 100μM), or Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA-AM, 50μM) were added prior to GEF application. (B) Histograms representing net increases of GEF-mediated [Ca2+]i transients calculated from traces obtained in the absence or presence of various pharmacological agents. *p < 0.01, compared to GEF only treatment. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 3–4).