Table 4.
Measurements of the 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and office blood pressure in the subgroup of hypertensive patients during the 6-week dietary supplementation with quercetin or placebo* (Mean values and standard deviations)
| Quercetin | Placebo | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Endpoint | Mean change | P intra-group | Baseline | Endpoint | Mean change | P intra-group | P inter-group | Treatment difference | |||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | comparison | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | comparison | comparison | Mean | sd | ||
| 24 h ABP monitoring† | (n 31) | (n 29) | ||||||||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 141·5 | 7·3 | 137·9 | 7·3 | −3·6 | 8·2 | 0·022 | 139·7 | 5·3 | 140·2 | 6·4 | +0·5 | 6·4 | 0·690 | 0·049 | −3·9 | 11·1 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 88·7 | 6·6 | 86·6 | 5·9 | −2·1 | 6·2 | 0·074 | 86·6 | 6·1 | 86·9 | 7·3 | +0·3 | 3·9 | 0·680 | 0·124 | −2·8 | 8·3 | |
| MAP (mmHg) | 106·4 | 6·5 | 103·7 | 5·9 | −2·8 | 7·3 | 0·043 | 104·4 | 5·4 | 104·7 | 6·5 | +0·3 | 4·4 | 0·710 | 0·151 | −3·0 | 9·7 | |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 76·1 | 8·3 | 77·9 | 8·6 | +1·8 | 5·5 | 0·081 | 76·6 | 10·8 | 77·5 | 9·7 | +0·9 | 5·9 | 0·445 | 0·435 | +1·3 | 7·9 | |
| Nocturnal dip in systolic BP (%) | 12·1 | 6·5 | 12 | 6·6 | +0·3 | 5·4 | 0·758 | 9·6 | 5·8 | 12·5 | 5·9 | +2·9 | 7·1 | 0·035 | 0·142 | −2·8 | 8·7 | |
| Nocturnal dip in diastolic BP (%) | 16·1 | 7·7 | 16·9 | 7·6 | +0·8 | 5·8 | 0·477 | 13·9 | 7·6 | 17·3 | 7·8 | +3·3 | 8·7 | 0·051 | 0·213 | −2·5 | 9·5 | |
| Day-time (06.00–22.00 hours)‡ | (n 27) | (n 23) | ||||||||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 146·4 | 6·7 | 141·8 | 7·7 | −4·6 | 9·0 | 0·014 | 144·5 | 4·4 | 144·6 | 6·3 | +0·1 | 5·9 | 0·964 | 0·109 | −4·9 | 12·1 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 92·9 | 5·8 | 90·4 | 6·3 | −2·5 | 6·9 | 0·070 | 90·3 | 6·5 | 90·9 | 7·4 | +0·5 | 2·9 | 0·399 | 0·111 | −3·6 | 9·0 | |
| MAP (mmHg) | 110·8 | 5·9 | 107·54 | 6·5 | −3·3 | 8·0 | 0·042 | 108·4 | 5·2 | 108·8 | 6·5 | +0·4 | 3·6 | 0·644 | 0·110 | −4·2 | 10·6 | |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 79·2 | 9·0 | 80·8 | 9·1 | +1·6 | 6·3 | 0·211 | 79·0 | 9·9 | 80·5 | 9·3 | +1·4 | 6·7 | 0·311 | 0·793 | −0·6 | 9·1 | |
| Night-time (22.00–06.00 hours)§ | (n 21) | (n 27) | ||||||||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134·7 | 8·4 | 128·1 | 9·6 | −6·6 | 9·9 | 0·007 | 131·1 | 6·7 | 126·1 | 9·8 | −5·0 | 10·6 | 0·021 | 0·667 | −2·2 | 18·8 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80·6 | 9·4 | 75·8 | 8·1 | −4·9 | 7·2 | 0·006 | 78·8 | 6·5 | 75·7 | 8·2 | −3·1 | 7·6 | 0·045 | 0·289 | −3·5 | 11·8 | |
| MAP (mmHg) | 99·7 | 8·5 | 93·0 | 7·9 | −6·7 | 8·3 | 0·001 | 96·6 | 6·9 | 92·9 | 8·6 | −3·8 | 8·9 | 0·037 | 0·345 | −3·8 | 14·4 | |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 68·7 | 8·5 | 71·6 | 9·3 | +2·9 | 6·3 | 0·049 | 69·5 | 11·0 | 67·5 | 8·5 | −2·0 | 8·7 | 0·235 | 0·127 | +4·3 | 9·8 | |
| Office BP‖ | (n 59) | (n 55) | ||||||||||||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 147·1 | 16·2 | 149·3 | 17·0 | +2·2 | 10·9 | 0·131 | 147·8 | 12·7 | 147·2 | 16·9 | −0·6 | 11·6 | 0·685 | 0·311 | +2·3 | 16·3 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 100·3 | 10·6 | 98·6 | 9·6 | −1·7 | 8·7 | 0·138 | 100·7 | 8·0 | 98·8 | 10·2 | −1·8 | 7·5 | 0·072 | 0·972 | −0·1 | 12·4 | |
| MAP (mmHg) | 115·9 | 11·7 | 115·5 | 11·4 | −0·4 | 8·7 | 0·718 | 116·4 | 8·6 | 114·9 | 11·8 | −1·4 | 8·0 | 0·186 | 0·676 | +0·7 | 12·5 | |
| Heart rate (beats per min) | 65·0 | 7·6 | 65·9 | 8·0 | +0·8 | 5·5 | 0·256 | 64·4 | 8·9 | 65·8 | 7·9 | +1·3 | 6·1 | 0·109 | 0·575 | −0·6 | 8·2 | |
ABP, Ambulatory blood pressure; BP, blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure.
The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to any of the variables at baseline (paired Student’s t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests). All the subjects participated in both treatments. There are different n values for quercetin and placebo treatment because the initial blood pressure of the participants at the beginning of the quercetin and placebo treatment period slightly differed. In some cases, this physiological difference led to a different blood pressure classification.
Systolic BP>135 and/or diastolic BP>85 mmHg (according to reference 25).
Systolic BP>140 and/or diastolic BP>90 mmHg (according to reference 25).
Systolic BP>125 and/or diastolic BP>75 mmHg (according to reference 25).
Stage 1 hypertensive: systolic BP≥140 and/or diastolic BP≥90 mmHg (according to reference 18).