Table 6.
Adhesion molecules, parameters of oxidation and inflammation and vascular testing in the total study group (n 68) during the 6-week supplementation with quercetin or placebo* (Mean values and standard deviations)
| Quercetin (n 68) | Placebo (n 68) | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Endpoint | Mean change | P intra-group | Baseline | Endpoint | Mean change | P intra-group | P inter-group | Treatment difference | |||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | comparison | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | comparison | comparison | Mean | sd | ||
| Serum endothelin-1 (pg/ml) | 2·22 | 0·74 | 2·25 | 0·74 | +0·03 | 0·46 | 0·639 | 2·09 | 0·71 | 2·25 | 0·78 | +0·16 | 0·52 | 0·014 | 0·129 | −0·13 | 0·71 | |
| Serum sE-selektin (ng/ml) | 36·2 | 13·6 | 37·1 | 13·7 | +0·9 | 5·1 | 0·144 | 36·7 | 13·8 | 36·9 | 14·0 | +0·2 | 4·8 | 0·712 | 0·441 | +0·7 | 7·3 | |
| Serum sVCAM-1 (ng/ml) | 581·0 | 161·9 | 571·6 | 143·4 | −9·3 | 99·7 | 0·444 | 572·5 | 152·3 | 595·4 | 155·8 | +22·9 | 99·9 | 0·063 | 0·055 | −32·2 | 135·8 | |
| Serum sICAM-1 (ng/ml) | 205·7 | 54·2 | 197·5 | 48·1 | −8·2 | 17·2 | <0·001 | 202·7 | 53·0 | 199·8 | 51·6 | −2·9 | 26·7 | 0·378 | 0·219 | −5·3 | 30·7 | |
| Plasma oxLDL (ng/ml) | 408·2 | 348·8 | 406·0 | 300·8 | −2·2 | 202·7 | 0·859 | 371·9 | 236·4 | 386·9 | 221·1 | +15·1 | 114·7 | 0·342 | 0·352 | −17·3 | 235·7 | |
| Plasma ADMA (µmol/l) | 0·57 | 0·16 | 0·59 | 0·15 | +0·01 | 0·15 | 0·530 | 0·60 | 0·21 | 0·58 | 0·15 | −0·02 | 0·18 | 0·439 | 0·266 | +0·03 | 0·21 | |
| l-Arginine:ADMA-ratio | 146·6 | 66·8 | 147·8 | 55·3 | +1·2 | 73·6 | 0·896 | 141·1 | 57·8 | 144·8 | 51·8 | +3·7 | 54·8 | 0·577 | 0·824 | −2·6 | 94·4 | |
| Serum ACE (U/l) | 38·2 | 19·2 | 38·4 | 20·2 | +0·2 | 7·0 | 0·800 | 38·3 | 19·5 | 39·3 | 19·8 | +1·1 | 6·8 | 0·198 | 0·718 | −0·9 | 10·9 | |
| Serum hs-CRP (mg/l) | 2·20 | 1·99 | 2·21 | 2·05 | +0·02 | 2·17 | 0·904 | 2·24 | 2·33 | 2·81 | 3·61 | +0·58 | 3·33 | 0·448 | 0·283 | −0·56 | 4·04 | |
| Urinary 8-iso-PGF2α/creatinine (pg/mg) | 198·7 | 160·5 | 216·8 | 156·7 | +5·8 | 177·8 | 0·183 | 236·6 | 293·6 | 187·1 | 132·9 | −56·2 | 316·3 | 0·848 | 0·552 | –17·9 | 300·6 | |
| Urinary 2,3-dinor-15-F2t-IsoP/creatinine (pg/mg) | 644·8 | 342·4 | 645·7 | 393·6 | +0·9 | 257·8 | 0·608 | 664·5 | 396·0 | 669·1 | 370·4 | +4·3 | 259·8 | 0·788 | 0·984 | −1·0 | 390·1 | |
| RHI (EndoPAT) | 1·90 | 0·60 | 1·89 | 0·56 | −0·01 | 0·55 | 0·911 | 1·91 | 0·57 | 1·88 | 0·48 | −0·04 | 0·66 | 0·650 | 0·762 | +0·03 | 0·69 | |
| AI (EndoPAT)† | 8·35 | 21·89 | 8·44 | 21·91 | +0·08 | 10·59 | 0·957 | 6·63 | 17·35 | 7·44 | 20·98 | +0·81 | 10·04 | 0·578 | 0·733 | −0·73 | 14·71 | |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ADMA, asymmetric dimethylarginine; AI, augmentation index; hs-CRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; IsoP, isoprostanes; oxLDL, oxidised LDL; RHI, reactive hyperaemia index; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
The two groups did not differ significantly with regard to any of the variables at baseline (paired Student’s t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests). EndoPAT data were obtained in a subgroup of forty-eight participants.
Corrected for heart rate and normed to 75 bpm.