Table 1. The characteristics of included studies.
| Included trials | Country/type of case | Eligibility criteria | Study design | Gender (male/female); mean age (years) |
Mean hematoma volume (trial/control) mL (range) | Time of onset | Interventions (n) drug/dosage |
Course of treatment | Follow-up | Course of treatment outcomes | Intergroup differences | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trial | Control | Trial | Control | ||||||||||
| Wang YQ, 2013 | China/inpatient with intracerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 21/8, 63.28±10.19 | 30/11, 63.37±9.84 | 28.77±5.68/28.77±5.68 (15–40) | <24 h | XZD+WCM | WCM | 4 w | 1 year | 1. Volume of hematoma (1 month) 2. CCNDS score (3 month, 1 year | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.05 |
| Zhang SQ, 2012 | China/inpatients with intracerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 25/20; 55.70±12.16 | 26/19; 56.10±11.45 | 28.20±5.30/28.85±3.25 (10–40) | 1–3 d | BHHD+WCM | WCM | 8 w | 90 d | 1. Volume of hematoma (7, 14, 28 d) 2. Volume of perihematomal edema (7, 14, 28 d) 3. NIHSS score (14, 28, 60, 90 d) 4. Barthel Index (90 d) 5. Clinical efficacy | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.05 3. P<0.05 4. P<0.05 5. P<0.05 |
| Wang ZF, 2011 | China/inpatient with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 55/35, 60.78±5.69 | 53/36, 61.24±5.68 | 24.36±4.25/24.75±4.11 (4–40) | <72 h | THD+WCM | WCM | 14 d | 90 d | 1. Volume of hematoma (14 d) 2. CCNDS score (90 d) 3. Barthel Index (90 d) | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.01 3. P<0.05 |
| Huang JL, 2010 | China/inpatients with severe cerebellopontine hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 8/2; 57 | 9/2; 56 | 11.5/11.2 (7–21) | 6–12 h | SM+XHLP+WCM | WCM | 1 m | 6 month | 1. GOS score 2. Time being awake and awake rate 3. Incidence of complications | 1. P<0.01 2. P<0.01 3. P<0.01 |
| Chen SH, 2010 | China/inpatient with intracerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 108>45 | 105<45 | >5 | <72 h | ZXOS+WCM | Placebo+WCM | 30 d | 60 d | 1. Mortality rate 2. The number of modified rankin score more than 4 3. The number of NIHSS score less than 1 (90 d) 4. GOS score (90 d) 5. The number of modified rankin score less than 2 (90 d) 6. Barthel Index (90 d) | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.05 3. P<0.05 4. P<0.05 5. P<0.05 6. P<0.05 |
| Sun JH, 2008 | China/inpatient with intracerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 28/17, 58.36±16.54 | 25/19, 59.62±15.93 | (30–49) | 7–72 h | SM+WCM+SMI | SM+WCM | 21 d | 30 d | 1. Volume of perihematomal edema (14, 21 d) 2. NIHSS score (14, 30 d) | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.05 |
| Dai MX, 2002 | China/inpatient with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 26/14, 58.6±10.8 | 27/13, 58.8±10.5 | 50.8±11.5/50.5±10.8 (30–90) | <24 h | SM+WCM+ZXD | SM+WCM | 10 d | 6 month | 1. Clinical efficacy 2. CCNDS score 3. The number of hematoma dissipation 4. The number of hospitalization days | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.05 3. P<0.05 4. P<0.05 |
| He D, 2002 | China/inpatient with intracerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 7/5, 69.20±14.32 | 8/4, 67.22±13.83 | (10–30) | <48 h | XST+WCM | WCM | 14 d | No report | 1. Volume of hematoma (10, 21 d) 2. Volume of cerebral edema (4, 10, 21 d) 3. ESS score (4, 10, 21 d) | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.05 3. P<0.05 |
| Fan Y, 2000 | China/inpatient with intracerebral hemorrhage | CCDDS 1995 | RCT | 19/13, 64.44±12.12 | 17/15, 61.31±11.91 | 19.22±13.39/19.16±9.82 | <2 d | LTOS+WCM | WCM | 4 week | Not report | 1. Total clinical efficacy 2. Barthel Index (28 d) 3. Grade of cerebral edema | 1. P<0.05 2. P<0.01 3. P<0.01 |
Note: CCDDS, Chinese Cerebrovascular Disease Diagnosis Standard 1995; RCT, Randomized Controlled Trial; BHHD, Bushen Huoxue Huatan Decoction; SM, Stereotactic Microsurgery; WCM, Western Conventional Medication; XHLP, Xingnao Huoxue Lishui Prescription; LTOS, Liangxue Tongyu Oral Solution; SMI, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Injection; XZD, Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction; XST, Xue Shuan Tong; ZXOS, Zhongfeng Xingnao Oral Solution; THD, Tongqiao Huoxue Decoction; ZXD, Zhuyu Xiaozhong Decoction; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ADL, Activities of Daily Living; GOS, Glasgow Outcome Score; ESS, European Stroke Scale; CCNDS, Chinese Clinical Neurological Deficit Scale (1995); d, day.
WCM refer to the combination of needed therapies of the following aspects: (1) General supportive care mainly include: (A) airway, ventilatory support and supplemental oxygen, (B) cardiac monitoring and treatment, (C) temperature, (D) blood pressure, (E) blood glucose and (F) nutrition; (2) No Specialized care included; (3) Treatment of acute complications mainly include: (A) brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure, (B) seizures, (C) pneumonia, (D) deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, (F) stress ulcer. (4) Intensive care units mainly include: (A) surveillance and monitoring of ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure and hemodynamic function; (B) titration and implementation of protocols for management of ICP, BP, mechanical ventilation, fever, and serum glucose; and (C) prevention of complications of immobility through positioning, airway maintenance, and mobilization within physiological tolerance.