Table 4.
Incidence of complications after immediate and delayed flap-based breast reconstruction*
| Medical complications | Surgical complications | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immediate reconstruction | Delayed reconstruction | RR (CI) of delayed reconstruction | P | Immediate reconstruction | Delayed reconstruction | RR (CI) of delayed reconstruction | P | |
| Overall | 8.76% | 9.24% | 1.05 (0.82–1.35) | .618 | 5.99% | 10.09% | 1.68 (1.31–2.17) | <.0001 |
| Risk stratified | ||||||||
| DM | 11.11% | 17.09% | 1.54 (0.77–3.07) | .274 | 13.19% | 16.17% | 1.23 (0.62–2.43) | .7111 |
| Age ≥65 | 8.90% | 9.92% | 1.11 (0.58–2.15) | .9865 | 6.05% | 7.76% | 1.28 (0.6–2.72) | .623 |
| Smoking | 8.88% | 9.48% | 1.07 (0.5–2.26) | .928 | 10.53% | 11.81% | 1.12 (0.57–2.19) | .952 |
| ASA score ≥3 | 13.07% | 14.96% | 1.14 (0.8–1.63) | .555 | 8.35% | 12.70% | 1.52 (1.01–2.29) | .0446 |
| HTN | 9.97% | 13.45% | 1.35 (0.92–1.98) | .1713 | 7.51% | 13.20% | 1.76 (1.17–2.64) | .0079 |
| BMI ≥35 | 12.16% | 11.84% | 0.98 (0.59–1.62) | .989 | 11.56% | 19.22% | 1.66 (1.07–2.58) | .0337 |
| DoE | 6.80% | 9.45% | 1.39 (0.38–5.1) | .79 | 9.71% | 14.42% | 1.49 (0.54–4.06) | .7399 |
| Flap failure | Return to OR | |||||||
| Immediate reconstruction | Delayed reconstruction | RR (CI) of delayed reconstruction | P | Immediate reconstruction | Delayed reconstruction | RR (CI) of delayed reconstruction | P | |
| Overall | 2.87% | 1.38% | 0.48 (0.26–0.89) | .0218 | 10.44% | 13.14% | 1.26 (1.02–1.55) | .0322 |
| Risk stratified | ||||||||
| DM | 2.78% | 0.20% | 0.07 (0.01–0.63) | .919 | 12.50% | 17.86% | 1.43 (0.73–2.8) | .428 |
| Age ≥65 y | 2.85% | 0.90% | 0.32 (0.04–2.23) | .3483 | 9.96% | 10.81% | 1.08 (0.59–1.99) | .861 |
| Smoking | 3.29% | 2.66% | 0.81 (0.2–3.31) | .4947 | 13.16% | 13.69% | 1.04 (0.57–1.9) | .878 |
| ASA score ≥3 | 3.31% | 0.55% | 0.17 (0.03–0.91) | .0214 | 13.86% | 12.85% | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) | .7845 |
| HTN | 4.02% | 1.41% | 0.35 (0.11–1.07) | .0624 | 14.12% | 13.99% | 0.99 (0.69–1.42) | .988 |
| BMI ≥35 | 5.38% | 0.22% | 0.04 (0–1.41) | .0127 | 16.40% | 18.67% | 1.14 (0.75–1.73) | .6515 |
| DoE | 1.94% | 0.22% | 0.11 (0–122.47) | .784 | 12.62% | 15.45% | 1.22 (0.5–2.99) | .789 |
*RR indicates relative risk; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; HTN, hypertension; BMI, body mass index; and DoE, dyspnea on exertion; and OR, operating room.