Wide field optical images of single control VSMC (a–e) and VSMC-ILK (f–j) cell recorded in real time: (a) and (f) right before adding ANGII, (b)–(d) and (g)–(i) 3 minutes, 6 minutes and 20 minutes after adding ANG II, (e) and (j) 40 minutes after adding CYTO. The arrows’ length in b, c, g and h has been magnified 6 time times; the arrows’ length in d, e, i and j has been magnified 2 times to make arrows observable. (k) The traction force of control VSMC applied on post 1 (figure 9a) as a function of observation time. (l) The traction force of ILK cell applied on post 1 (Fig. 9f) as a function of observation time.