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Coupling of substrate binding with protonation in symporters. Putative substrate binding site of E. coli YbgH (PDB ID: 4Q65). A model substrate (alafosfalin) is included based on superposition of a homologous complex crystal structure (4IKZ). Selected residues that are potentially important for substrate binding are shown in stick models. A cluster of polar residues (Q18, E21, Y22, and K118) potentially plays a role of coupling substrate binding with protonation at E21.
