Table 2.
Summary of parameter estimates from the final simultaneous population pharmacokinetic artesunate-dihydroartemisinin model
| Population estimates† | IIV/IOV* [%CV] † | |
|---|---|---|
| Parameters | (%RSE)‡ | (%RSE)‡ |
| F (%) | 49.4 (3.53) | 27.1 (20.9) |
| BIO (%) | 17.1 (6.98) | 60.2 (21.3)* |
| MTT (h) | 0.407 (7.24) | 31.0 (20.2) |
| Transit compartments (n) | 6 (fixed) | - |
| DUR (h) | 0.0167 (fixed) | - |
| ka (h−1) | 1.57 (8.59) | 36.8 (18.9) |
| VcART (l) | 8.80 (5.32) | - |
| QART (l h–1) | 7.51 (12.6) | 6.60 (23.2) |
| VpART (l) | 2.43 (13.8) | 63.3 (12.8) |
| CLART (l h–1) | 170 (6.75) | - |
| VcDHA (l) | 44.3 (6.35) | - |
| QDHA (l h–1) | 16.8 (9.7) | - |
| VpDHA (l) | 20.7 (9.35) | - |
| CLDHA (l h–1) | 60.9 (4.54) | 10.4 (22.7) |
| Disease effect on F (%) | 86.6 (3.50) | - |
| Pregnancy effect on F (%) | −23.3 (18.7) | - |
| σARS i.v. | 0.856 | - |
| σARS oral | 1.16 | - |
| σDHA i.v. | 0.333 | - |
| σDHA oral | 0.793 | - |
inter-occasion variability.
Population mean values, inter-occasion variability (IOV) and inter-individual variability (IIV) estimated by nonmem. IIV and IOV is presented as 
. Population parameter estimates are given for a typical non-pregnant patient with a body weight of 46 kg.
The relative standard error (RSE) is calculated as 
from 99 (out of a total of 100) iterations of a bootstrap.
F absolute oral bioavailability of artesunate, BIO first pass metabolism of artesunate, MTT mean transit time, DUR infusion duration, ka absorption rate constant, Vc apparent volume of central compartment, Q inter-compartmental clearance, Vp apparent volume of peripheral compartment and CL elimination clearance.