Table 2.
Maternal characteristics by cohorts
| TNF-α inhibitor (n = 495) | Comparison (n = 1532) | |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, n | 481 | 1431 |
| Age (years) median (IQR) | 30 (27–34) | 31 (28–35) |
| min–max (years) | 16–42 | 14–46 |
| BMI (pre-pregnancy), n | 291 | 883 |
| BMI (kg m–2) median (IQR) | 22 (20.3–24.9) | 22.6 (20.6–25.6) |
| Smoking, n | 384 | 1202 |
| No n (%) | 311 (81) | 1040 (86.5) |
| <= 5 cigarettes/day n (%) | 21 (5.5) | 59 (4.9) |
| >5 cigarettes/day n (%) | 52 (13.5) | 103 (8.6) |
| Alcohol, n | 366 | 1147 |
| No n (%) | 342 (93.4) | 1075 (93.7) |
| <= 1 drink/day n (%) | 14 (3.8) | 55 (4.8) |
| >1 drink/day n (%) | 10 (2.7) | 17 (1.5) |
| Mother’s years of schooling, n | 177 | 576 |
| <= 9 years n (%) | 14 (7.9) | 39 (6.8) |
| >9 and < = 13.5 years n (%) | 104 (58.8) | 291 (50.5) |
| Academic degree n (%) | 59 (33.3) | 246 (42.7) |
| Other DMDs, n | 495 | 1532 |
| No n (%) | 250 (50.5) | 1447 (94.5) |
| Other than MTX n (%) | 208 (42.0) | 84 (5.5) |
| Including MTX n (%) | 37 (7.5) | 1 (0.1) |
| Previous pregnancies, n | 451 | 1336 |
| 0 n (%) | 217 (48.1) | 559 (41.8) |
| 1 n (%) | 133 (29.5) | 421 (31.5) |
| 2 n (%) | 53 (11.8) | 204 (15.3) |
| 3 or more n (%) | 48 (10.6) | 152 (11.4) |
| Previous deliveries, n | 449 | 1327 |
| 0 n (%) | 272 (60.6) | 684 (51.5) |
| 1 n (%) | 120 (26.7) | 438 (33.0) |
| 2 n (%) | 40 (8.9) | 139 (10.5) |
| 3 or more n (%) | 17 (3.8) | 66 (5.0) |
| Previous miscarriages, n | 434 | 1295 |
| 0 n (%) | 357 (82.3) | 1066 (82.3) |
| 1 n (%) | 60 (13.8) | 164 (12.7) |
| 2 or more n (%) | 17 (3.9) | 65 (5.0) |
| Previous children with birth defect, n | 414 | 1240 |
| 0 n (%) | 405 (97.8) | 1218 (98.2) |
| 1 n (%) | 8 (1.9) | 20 (1.6) |
| 2 or more n (%) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) |
| Gestational week at first contact, n | 495 | 1532 |
| Median gestational week (IQR) | 8.1 (6–12.9) | 9 (6.3–14.3) |
BMI, body mass index; DMDs disease-modifying drugs; IQR, interquartile range.