Subgroup meta-analysis of different outcomes converted into a common effect size (Hedges’ g). Studies are stratified according to the setting of outcome assessment (i.e. inpatient setting, including long-term care and outpatient setting) (A) and the application of explicit screening instruments (B). ACOVE, Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elderly; CI, confidence interval; START, Screening Tool to Alert Doctors to Right Treatments; RE, random-effects