Table 5.
Drugs implicated in ADR-related deaths, grouped according to ATC drug classes
| Second-level ATC drug class* | Drugs* |
|---|---|
| A06 Drugs for constipation (1) | sodium sulfate/polyethylene glycol (1) |
| A10 Drugs used in diabetes (5) | insulin (4); metformin (1) |
| B01 Antithrombotic agents (7) | warfarin (2); heparin (1); enoxaparin (1); aspirin (3) |
| B05 Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions (1) | sodium chloride (1) |
| C02 Antihypertensives (2) | prazosin (1); hydralazine (1) |
| C03 Diuretics (9) | hydrochlorothiazide (2); furosemide (5); spironolactone (2) |
| C07 Beta blocking agents (2) | atenolol (2) |
| C08 Calcium channel blockers (2) | amlodipine (2) |
| C09 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system (3) | enalapril (2); perindopril (1) |
| H02 Corticosteroids for systemic use (3) | prednisone (3) |
| J01 Antibacterials for systemic use (11) | co-amoxiclavulanic acid (2); co-trimoxazole (7); erythromycin (1); ciprofloxacin (1) |
| J02 Antimycotics for systemic use (1) | fluconazole (1) |
| J04 Antimycobacterials (15) | rifampicin (9); isoniazid (3); pyrazinamide (3) |
| J05 Antivirals for systemic use (19) | aciclovir (1); lopinavir/ritonavir (1); stavudine (3); tenofovir (14) |
| L01 Antineoplastic agents (1) | chlorambucil (1) |
| L04 Immunosuppressants (1) | tacrolimus (1) |
| M01 Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products (3) | indomethacin (1); ibuprofen (2) |
| M04 Antigout preparations (2) | allopurinol (1); colchicine (1) |
| N02 Analgesics (3) | codeine (2); tramadol (1) |
| N03 Anti-epileptics (2) | clonazepam (1); valproate (1) |
| N05 Psycholeptics (1) | haloperidol (1) |
| N06 Psychoanaleptics (1) | amitriptyline (1) |
| R03 Drugs for obstructive airway diseases (1) | theophylline (1) |
| V03 Other therapeutic products (1) | polystyrene sulfonate (1) |
*
The number of times each drug and drug class was implicated in an ADR-related death appears in brackets. The three most commonly implicated drugs appear in bold. ADR, adverse drug reaction; ATC, anatomical therapeutic chemical.