Table 2.
Characteristics of studies
| Study | Country of study | Population Total number in trial (Intervention/Control) % Male Mean age Ethnicity | Drug prescribed | Genotype(s) used | Primary outcome(s) | Primary outcome result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson et al. [18] | USA | 200 (101/99) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | % out-of-range INRs | Relative % reduction = 7.3, P = 0.47 |
| 53% | ||||||
| 61 years | ||||||
| 94% Caucasian | ||||||
| Borgman et al. [35] | USA | 26 (13/13) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | % time within therapeutic range | Experimental = 70.3 ± 17.9 |
| 54% | Control = 77.7 ± 11.3 | |||||
| 52 years | P = 0.441 | |||||
| 92% Caucasian | ||||||
| Burmester et al. [36] | USA | 225 (112/113) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 CYP4F2 | 1. Absolute prediction error relative to therapeutic dose | 1. Median difference = 0.39 mg day−1 (95% CI 0.26, 0.57), favours genotype model |
| 59% | ||||||
| 68 years (median) | 2. Time in therapeutic target range for 1st 14 days | 2. Median for both arms = 28.6%, P = 0.564 | ||||
| 100% Caucasian/Hispanic | ||||||
| Caraco et al. [21] | Israel | 191 (95/96) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 | 1. Time to reach therapeutic INR range | 1. Adjusted HR 3.95 (95% CI 2.77, 5.65), favours genotype model |
| 52% | ||||||
| 59 years (median) | 2. Time to reach stable anticoagulation | 2. HR 4.23 (95% CI 2.95, 6.07), favours genotype model | ||||
| Not stated | ||||||
| Hillman et al. [19] | USA | 38 (18/20) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | Feasibility | Application of a CYP2C9 gene-based multivariate warfarin dosage calculator is feasible |
| 45% | ||||||
| 70 years | ||||||
| 100% Caucasian | ||||||
| Huang et al. [37] | China | 121 (61/60) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | Time to reach stable warfarin dose | HR 1.93 (95% CI 1.26, 2.97), favours genotype model |
| 31% | ||||||
| 42 years | ||||||
| 100% Chinese | ||||||
| Kimmel et al. [23] | USA | 955 (514/501) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | % time within therapeutic range | Adjusted mean difference: −8.3%, P = 0.01, favours control |
| 51% | ||||||
| 58 years (median) | ||||||
| 27% Black, 73% Non-Black | ||||||
| Mallal et al. [29] | 19 Countries | 1650 (803/847) | Abacavir | HLA-B*5701 | Reduced incidence of hypersensitivity reaction | OR 0.03 (95% CI 0.00, 0.62), favours genotype model |
| 73% | ||||||
| 42 years | ||||||
| 83% Caucasian | ||||||
| Meynard et al. [30] | France | 525 (187/186/152) | Antiretroviral agents (12) | HIV anti-retroviral resistance mutations | Proportion with plasma HIV-1 RNA | Phenotyping = 35% |
| 81% | <200 copies ml−1 at week 12 | Genotyping = 44% | ||||
| 41 years | ||||||
| unknown | Controls = 36%. No significant difference between arms. | |||||
| Newman et al. [31] | UK | 322 (163/159) | Azathioprine | TMPT | Stopping azathioprine due to adverse drug reaction | OR 1.1 (95% CI 0.66, 1.8) |
| 83% | ||||||
| 42 years | ||||||
| 91% Caucasian | ||||||
| Pirmohamed et al. [6] | UK | 427 (211/216) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | % time within therapeutic range | Adjusted mean difference: |
| Sweden | 62% | 7% (95% CI 3.3, 10.6), favours genotype model. | ||||
| 68 years | ||||||
| 99% Caucasian | ||||||
| Roberts et al. [32] | Canada | 187 (91/96) | Clopidogrel/prasugrel | CYP2C19 | Proportion with P2Y12 reactivity unit >234 after 1 week dual therapy treatment. | Experimental = 9 (10%) |
| 78% | Control = 16 (17%) | |||||
| 60 years | Adjusted P = 0.07 | |||||
| 95% Caucasian | ||||||
| Thervet et al. [33] | France | 236 (116/120) | Tacrolimus | CYP3A5 | Proportion within targeted therapeutic trough concentration after six doses. | Experimental = 43.2% (95% CI 36, 51.2) |
| 67% | ||||||
| 47 years | Control = 29.1% (95% CI 22.8, 35.5) | |||||
| 90% Caucasian | P = 0.03 | |||||
| Verhoef et al. [34] | Greece | 484 (239/245) | Acenocoumarol/phenprocoumon | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | % time within therapeutic range. | Experimental = 61.6 ± 23.3 |
| Netherlands | 60% | Control = 60.2 ± 23.2 | ||||
| 68 years | Difference: 1.4 (95% CI −2.8, 5.5) | |||||
| 97% Caucasian | P = 0.52 | |||||
| Wang et al. [38] | China | 101 (50/51) | Warfarin | CYP2C9 VKORC1 | Time to reach stable warfarin dose | HR 1.57 (95% CI 1.10, 3.28), favours genotype model. |
| 31% | ||||||
| 42 years | ||||||
| 100% Chinese | ||||||