Table 1.
Anthropometry, body fat distribution and metabolic risk factors in South African young adults
| Men (n = 36) | Women (n = 40) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | |||
| Weight (kg) | 62.4 ± 10.9 | 60.6 ± 14.0 | 0.5 |
| Height (cm) | 172.0 ± 6.0 | 160.0 ± 5.0 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.1 ± 3.6 | 23.6 ± 5.5 | 0.02 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 74.8 ± 9.4 | 79.8 ± 11.6 | 0.04 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 91.4 ± 12.0 | 100.3 ± 12.7 | 0.002 |
| MRIa | |||
| VATb (cm2) | 12.5 ± 9.0 | 16.6 ± 8.3 | 0.04 |
| SCATc (cm2) | 59.9 (35.9: 84.6) | 164.0 (117.0; 266.9) | 0.0001 |
| VAT/(VAT + SCAT) (%) | 15.0 (10.0; 20.0) | 7.4 (5.7; 11.5) | <0.0001 |
| DXA d | |||
| Total fat (%) | 12.7 (10.8; 15.0) | 33.1 (26.4; 36.5) | 0.0001 |
| Total fat mass (kg) | 7.0 (6.2; 9.5) | 17.6 (14.0; 25.0) | 0.0001 |
| Metabolic variables | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.6 (3.0; 4.0) | 3.6 (3.2; 4.3) | 0.7 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.4; 2.4) | 2.0 (1.4; 2.4) | 0.9 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.3 (1.1;1.4) | 1.3 (1.2; 1.5) | 0.2 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.66 (0.51; 0.77) | 0.63 (0.54; 0.76) | 0.9 |
| Fasting insulin μIU/mL | 6.5 (4.1; 10.4) | 11.6 (7.4; 12.9) | 0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 5.2 (4.8; 5.5) | 5.0 (4.7; 5.4) | 0.5 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 125.0 ± 10.1 | 114.6 ± 11.0 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.9 ± 7.5 | 70.5 ± 7.9 | 0.5 |
| Metabolic traits | |||
| HOMA-IR | 1.4 (0.9; 2.4) | 2.5 (1.7;3.2) | 0.002 |
| Metabolic risk factor score | −0.3 (−1.6; 1.5) | 0.3 (−1.7; 1.5) | 0.9 |
Data are means (±SD) or median (interquartile range)
*Sex differences by T-test or kruskal-wallis non parametric test
aMRI magnetic resonance imaging
bVAT visceral adipose tissue
cSCAT subcutaneous adipose tissue
dDual Energy x-ray absorptiometry