Fig. 1.

Location and plot details associated with data collection from Hauturu (Little Barrier Island). a A contour map with the positions of the 10 plots indicated, and an insert of a map of New Zealand indicating the location of Hauturu. b Quadrat design and sampling layout of the 16 subplots (each 5 × 5 m, labelled A-P), with grey circles indicating the positions of the 24 understorey subplots. Each plot had three invertebrate pitfall traps, four lizard pitfall traps, and four lizard cover objects randomly assigned within the 16 subplots. Two subplots were randomly selected for both leaf litter and soil sampling. Bird call stations were located adjacent to each plot