Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of the Group with Bipolar Disorder I (N=35)
| First scan | Second scan | |
|---|---|---|
| Medication | ||
| Medication N(%) | 33(94) | 26(74) |
| Antipsychotics N(%) | 21(60) | 18(51) |
| Anticonvulsants N(%) | 17(49) | 10(29) |
| Lithium carbonate N(%) | 8(23) | 6(17) |
| Antidepressants N(%) | 6(17) | 5(14) |
| Psychostimulants N(%) | 6(17) | 9(26) |
| Benzodiazepines N(%) | 4(11) | 4(11) |
| Sympatholytic medications N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Hypnotics N(%) | 1(3) | - |
| Lifetime Comorbidities | ||
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder* N(%) | 11(31) | 11(31) |
| Conduct disorder* N(%) | 4(11) | 4(11) |
| Oppositional defiant disorder* N(%) | 3(9) | 4(11) |
| Separation anxiety disorder* N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Tic disorder* N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Simple phobia N(%) | 3(9) | 3(9) |
| Anorexia nervosa N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Obsessive compulsive disorder N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Panic disorder N(%) | 1(3) | 2(6) |
| Binge eating disorder N(%) | - | 1(3) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder N(%) | - | 1(3) |
| Substance Use Disorders | ||
| Current substance abuse or dependence: marijuana / alcohol N(%) | 2(6) / 1(3) | 3(9) / 1(3) |
| History substance abuse or dependence: marijuana / alcohol /cocaine / polysubstance N(%) | 5(14) / 1(3) / 2(6) / 1(3) | 6(17) / 1(3) / 2(6) / 1(3) |
| Mood State at Scanning | ||
| Euthymic / elevated (hypomanic + manic + mixed) / depressed N(%) | 22(63) / 7(20) / 6(17) | 31(89) / 3(9) / 1(3) |
| Rapid-Cycling N(%) | 15(43) | 13(37) |
| Psychosis | ||
| Current N(%) | 1(3) | 1(3) |
| Lifetime N(%) | 16(46) | 17(49) |
| Hospitalizations | ||
| N(%) | 22(63) | 24(66) |
| Mean[SD] | 2.0[2.3] | 2.5[2.6] |
*
These disorders only assessed in subjects ≤18 years of age