Fig 1. Challenges and solution for multi-organ-systems.

a) General requirements for multi-organ-chips: i) initial separate loading of the respective cells; ii) individual culture for differentiation, formation, equilibration, and maturation of the tissues; and, iii) combined culture for drug screening purposes. b) Underlying concept of the μOrgano system: Schematics depicting the basic μOrgano components: the master-organ-chip and exemplary plug & play connectors. Conceptual idea of the usage principle of the μOrgano system for the connection of two MPSs in series via a simple linear channel connector with a close-up of the connected system highlighting the resulting media flow.