Table 1.
Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of study participants
| Men | Women | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 178) | (n = 177) | ||
| Age (years) | 55.9 ± 10.9 | 60.2 ± 10.2 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 3.1 | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 0.468 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90.6 ± 7.0 | 86.3 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 7.5 ± 7.3 | 8.6 ± 7.3 | 0.143 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 128.7 ± 13.5 | 128.2 ± 14.2 | 0.726 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.3 ± 9.6 | 78.2 ± 8.9 | 0.257 |
| Smoking, (never/ex/current) | 38/72/68 | 169/2/6 | <0.001 |
| Family history of CHD (%) | 12 (6.7) | 9 (5.1) | 0.654 |
| Menopause | – | 139 (78.5) | – |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (1.1) | 0.686 |
| ACE inhibition (%) | 61 (34.3) | 70 (39.5) | 0.323 |
| Antiplatelet medication (%) | 51 (28.7) | 44 (24.9) | 0.472 |
| Statin use (%) | 114 (64) | 123 (69.5) | 0.311 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 160.9 ± 32.9 | 169.8 ± 34.3 | 0.013 |
| Triglycerides (md/dL) | 155.3 ± 116.9 | 138.1 ± 81.3 | 0.108 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49.3 ± 11.2 | 54.8 ± 12.8 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 85.7 ± 28.7 | 91.3 ± 28.0 | 0.061 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) | 71.3 ± 21.4 | 71.8 ± 20.3 | 0.813 |
| ApoA1 (mg/dL) | 130.0 ± 27.4 | 137.8 ± 2.8 | 0.006 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 137.0 ± 41.9 | 135.3 ± 39.6 | 0.694 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 ± 1.1 | 7.5 ± 1.2 | 0.449 |
| hsCRP (mg/L)a | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.9 | 0.618 |
| Albumin/creatinine ratioa | 12.1 ± 26.7 | 12.1 ± 28.6 | 0.239b |
Values are mean ± SD; aMedian ± IQR; bThe variable was log transformed before statistical analysis
ACE, angiostensin-converting enzyme; Apo, apolipoprotein; CHD, coronary heart disease; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD, standard deviation