Table 4. Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis between Indices of Glycemic Variability and Other Variables.
Variable | Standard deviation | Mean absolute glucose change | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 (R2 =0.185) |
Model 2 (R2 =0.242) |
Model 3 (R2 =0.235) |
Model 1 (R2 =0.116) |
Model 2 (R2 =0.195) |
Model 3 (R2 =0.179) |
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β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | β | P value | |
Age, yr | 0.040 | 0.540 | 0.068 | 0.290 | 0.057 | 0.400 | 0.024 | 0.731 | 0.057 | 0.405 | 0.060 | 0.403 |
Male sex | 0.031 | 0.639 | 0.004 | 0.950 | 0.005 | 0.946 | 0.121 | 0.086 | 0.083 | 0.225 | 0.100 | 0.181 |
HbA1c, mmol/mol | 0.325 | <0.001 | 0.288 | <0.001 | 0.264 | <0.001 | 0.236 | 0.001 | 0.192 | 0.007 | 0.190 | 0.013 |
Duration of diabetes, yr | 0.152 | 0.024 | 0.088 | 0.209 | 0.107 | 0.158 | 0.100 | 0.161 | 0.026 | 0.722 | 0.072 | 0.366 |
Frequency of hypoglycemia | 0.233 | <0.001 | 0.189 | 0.004 | 0.205 | 0.002 | 0.209 | 0.003 | 0.162 | 0.017 | 0.158 | 0.024 |
C-peptide, nmol/L | 0.151 | 0.024 | 0.087 | 0.193 | 0.106 | 0.174 | 0.160 | 0.024 | 0.093 | 0.183 | 0.109 | 0.183 |
Use of SUa | - | - | 0.231 | 0.003 | 0.209 | 0.009 | - | - | 0.248 | 0.002 | 0.214 | 0.011 |
Use of DPP4ia | - | - | -0.096 | 0.168 | -0.114 | 0.113 | - | - | -0.135 | 0.066 | -0.144 | 0.059 |
Use of AGIa | - | - | -0.142 | 0.024 | -0.111 | 0.095 | - | - | -0.144 | 0.030 | -0.128 | 0.067 |
Use of METa | - | - | 0.051 | 0.417 | 0.042 | 0.522 | - | - | 0.071 | 0.280 | 0.061 | 0.376 |
Use of TZDa | - | - | -0.050 | 0.443 | -0.072 | 0.296 | - | - | -0.037 | 0.581 | -0.039 | 0.586 |
UACR, mg/g | - | - | - | - | 0.046 | 0.489 | - | - | - | - | -0.085 | 0.229 |
Waist circumference, cm | - | - | - | - | 0.074 | 0.347 | - | - | - | - | 0.037 | 0.659 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | - | - | - | - | -0.108 | 0.112 | - | - | - | - | -0.074 | 0.295 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | - | - | - | - | -0.009 | 0.903 | - | - | - | - | 0.024 | 0.747 |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | - | - | - | - | -0.011 | 0.891 | - | - | - | - | 0.036 | 0.651 |
hsCRP, mmol/L | - | - | - | - | -0.059 | 0.380 | - | - | - | - | -0.083 | 0.243 |
Uric acid, µmol/L | - | - | - | - | -0.059 | 0.435 | - | - | - | - | 0.020 | 0.799 |
R2, adjusted R squared; β, corrected regression coefficient; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; SU, sulfonylurea; DPP4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; AGI, α-glucosidase inhibitor; MET, metformin; TZD, thiazolidinedione; UACR, urine albumin:creatinine ratio; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
aThe use of individual oral hypoglycemic agent was defined as whether or not taking the medication regardless of combination therapy.