Table 2. Comparison of baseline characteristics of participants with and without incident prehypertension during 9.2 years follow-up. Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), 2001–2011.
| Men (n = 1466) | Women (n = 2131) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | With incident Prehypertension (n = 705) | Without incident Prehypertension (n = 761) | P-value* | With incident Prehypertension (n = 735) | Without incident Prehypertension (n = 1396) | P-value* |
| Age(years) | 39.61±12.50 | 36.7±11.57 | < 0.001 | 38.30±10.56 | 32.68±9.20 | < 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 108.6±7.0 | 105.0±7.70 | < 0.001 | 107.1±7.15 | 103.0±8.11 | < 0.001 |
| DPB (mmHg) | 70.46±5.79 | 68.47±6.53 | < 0.001 | 71.45±5.37 | 68.01±6.39 | < 0.001 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 25.22±3.90 | 23.86±3.68 | < 0.001 | 27.17±4.69 | 24.99±4.13 | < 0.001 |
| WHpR | 0.91±0.07 | 0.89±0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.83±0.08 | 0.80±0.07 | < 0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 4.96±0.48 | 4.89±0.44 | < 0.001 | 4.92±0.5 | 4.78±0.44 | < 0.001 |
| 2h-PCPG (mmol/l) | 5.43±1.53 | 5.11±1.35 | < 0.001 | 5.90±1.47 | 5.46±1.26 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR(ml/min/1.73 m2) | 76.50±11.40 | 78.09±11.40 | 0.008 | 71.49±11.65 | 74.40±10.91 | < 0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.14±1.03 | 4.85±1.11 | < 0.001 | 5.19±1.18 | 4.85±1.02 | < 0.001 |
| TG (mmol /l) | 1.64(1.11–2.37) | 1.36(0.98–2.03) | < 0.001 | 1.33(0.94–2.03) | 1.08(0.8–1.53) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol /l) | 0.98±0.25 | 0.99±0.24 | 0.57 | 1.15±0.29 | 1.18±0.28 | 0.02 |
| Lipid drug (%) | 4(0.6%) | 5(0.7%) | 1 | 17(2.3%) | 9(0.6%) | 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia (%)** | 548(77.7%) | 554(72.8%) | 0.03 | 595(81%) | 1049(75.1%) | 0.002 |
| HOMA-IR† | 1.41(0.97–2.00) | 1.25(0.87–1.81) | 0.02 | 1.68(1.23–2.26) | 1.51(1.1–2.15) | 0.001 |
| Education Level (%) | 0.02 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Illiterate/ primary school | 140(19.9%) | 110(14.5%) | 210(28.6%) | 222(15.9%) | ||
| Diploma/ below Diploma | 427(60.6%) | 489(64.3%) | 434(59%) | 946(67.8%) | ||
| Higher than diploma | 138(19.6%) | 162(21.3%) | 91(12.4%) | 228(16.3%) | ||
| Smoking (%) | 0.34 | 0.96 | ||||
| Never | 392(55.6%) | 403(53%) | 700(95.2%) | 1332(95.4%) | ||
| Past | 90(12.8%) | 90(11.8%) | 10(1.4%) | 17(1.2%) | ||
| Current | 223(31.6%) | 268(35.2%) | 25(3.4%) | 47(3.4%) | ||
| Marital Status (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Married | 576(81.7%) | 562(73.9%) | 633(86.1%) | 1106(79.2%) | ||
| Divorced /widowed/Single | 129(18.3%) | 199(26.1%) | 102(13.9%) | 290(20.8%) |
Mean ± SD and median (Inter-quartile range) are shown for continuous variables. BMI: body mass index; WHpR: waist-to-hip-ratio; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; 2h-PCPG: 2-hr post challenge plasma glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. The important findings of Table: In both genders, participants who developed incident prehypertension were older, had higher BMI, WHpR, FPG, 2h-PCPG, SBP, DBP, TG, TC and HOMA-IR but lower eGFR.
*P-value of the comparison between the incident and censored participants in each gender.
** Dyslipidemia was defined as TG ≥ 1.69 mmol/L or total cholesterol ≥ 6.21 mmol/L or HDL-C < 1.06 mmol/L (men) or HDL-C<1.29 mmol/L (women) or using lipid lowering medications.
† Insulin data was available in 2114 participants (men: 819, women: 1295).