Table 3. Multivariable adjusted Hazard ratios (HRs [95% CIs]) of predictors of incident prehypertension. Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), 2001–2011.
| Men (n = 1466) | Women (n = 2131) | Total population (n = 3597) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | HRs(CI) | P-value | HRs(CI) | P-value | HRs(CI) | P-value |
| Age(years) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 0.01 | 1.04(1.03–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <0.001 |
| Gender (Female) | — | — | — | — | 0.81(0.69–0.94) | 0.01 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 1.05(1.04–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.03(1.02–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.04(1.03–1.05) | <0.001 |
| DPB(mmHg) | 1.01(0.99–1.02) | 0.22 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.03(1.02–1.04) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/ m2) | 1.04(1.01–1.07) | 0.01 | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | <0.001 | 1.04(1.03–1.06) | <0.001 |
| WHpR | 1.11(0.94–1.32) | 0.22 | 1.24 (1.11–1.39) | <0.001 | 1.18(1.08–1.30) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 1.01(0.86–1.19) | 0.91 | 1.10(0.93–1.30) | 0.26 | 1.05(0.93–1.18) | 0.42 |
| 2h-PCPG (mmol/l) | 1.06(1.01–1.12) | 0.03 | 1.01(0.95–1.07) | 0.84 | 1.04(0.99–1.08) | 0.09 |
| eGFR(ml/min/1.73m2) | 1.01(1.00–1.02) | 0.07 | 1.01(1.00–1.02) | 0.08 | 1.01(1.00–1.01) | 0.02 |
| Dyslipidemia* | 1.04 (0.87–1.26) | 0.65 | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 0.86 | 1.00(0.87–1.14) | 0.97 |
| Education Level | ||||||
| Higher than Diploma | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Diploma/Below Diploma | 1.08(0.89–1.31) | 0.44 | 0.94(0.75–1.18) | 0.59 | 1.04(0.90–1.20) | 0.62 |
| Illiterate/PrimarySchool | 1.28(0.99–1.65) | 0.05 | 0.87 (0.67–1.15) | 0.33 | 1.11(0.92–1.33) | 0.28 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | — | — | — | — | Reference | - |
| Past | — | — | — | — | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) | 0.83 |
| Current | — | — | — | — | 1.01 (0.87–1.18) | 0.87 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married | Reference | - | Reference | - | Reference | - |
| Divorced/Widowed/Single | 0.91 (0.73–1.14) | 0.41 | 0.96(0.78–1.19) | 0.74 | 1.02(0.87–1.18) | 0.84 |
Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs. eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; BMI: body mass index; WHpR: waist-to-hip-ratio; 2h-PCPG: 2-h post challenge plasma glucose. The important findings of Table: Age, BMI and SBP were significant predictors of prehypertension in each gender and also in the sex adjusted analysis.2h-PCPG was an independent predictor only in men, while WHpR and DBP were the significant predictors only in women. In the sex adjusted model, female gender had lower risk for incident prehypertension than male andincrease in eGFR resulted in significant risk of prehypertension.
*Dyslipidemia was defined as TG ≥ 1.69 mmol/L or total cholesterol ≥ 6.21 mmol/L or HDL-C < 1.06 mmol/L (men) or HDL-C<1.29 mmol/L (women) or using lipid lowering medications.