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. 2015 Aug 19;20(1-2):51–62. doi: 10.1007/s10911-015-9341-4

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© The Author(s) 2015

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Putative differentiation steps in the luminal lineage of normal human breast epithelium. a The cladistic differentiation model in which only one marker can be gained or lost at each step. In addition, no more than two branches are allowed in a single step. The vast majority of the cells that are mitotically active (Mib1+/Ki67+) in normal human breast are K8/18+ cells that are negative for AR/ER/VDR/K5/K14/K17/SMA/CD10, which makes them the only candidate for transit-amplifying cells. b The phylogenetic differentiation model in which more than two branch points are allowed at each step. In addition, convergence into the same phenotype from multiple branches is permitted. Whether these differentiation steps are unidirectional (solid arrows) or bidirectional (dashed arrows) is not known at the moment. HR0 (black), HR1 (green), HR2 (blue), HR3 (red), transit amplifying cells (purple)