Table 3.
Inflammatory Mediators in Sinonasal Tissue Extracts
| Control UT (Mean ± SEM) | CRSsNP UT (Mean ± SEM) | CRSwNP UT (Mean ± SEM) | CRSwNP Polyp (Mean ± SEM) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECP* | 113,000 ± 64,900 | 49,600 ± 13,700 | 258,000 ± 89,500 | 763,000 ± 210,000†‡ |
| IL-4* | 8.4 ± 3.2 | 0.7 ± 0.4† | 2.1 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 1.1‡ |
| IL-5* | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 11.3 ± 4.4†‡§ |
| IL-10* | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.5 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2†§ |
| IL-13* | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 14.7 ± 4.7†‡ |
| Eotaxin-2* | 150 ± 74.7 | 259 ± 80.1 | 319 ± 92.4 | 1,460 ± 475†‡ |
| Eotaxin-3* | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 194 ± 136 | 378 ± 93.5† | 400 ± 138† |
| RANTES* | 3,432 ± 703 | 2,233 ± 856 | 1,982 ± 307 | 983 ± 353† |
| Eotaxin-1‖ | 20.0 ± 6.9 | 32.7 ± 10.3 | 17.3 ± 3.4 | 75.5 ± 18.3†§ |
| MCP-4‖ | 11.5 ± 4.1 | 11.2 ± 4.4 | 15.7 ± 4.5 | 109 ± 53.9†‡ |
| TARC‖ | 2.6 ± 0.8 | 3.8 ± 1.1 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 9.9 ± 3.5† |
| SCF¶ | 43.3 ± 11.8 | 29.7 ± 9.9 | 32.1 ± 5.3 | 14.5 ± 4.6† |
| GM-CSF¶ | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.8 ± 0.5 |
| MCP-1 | 352 ± 81.0 | 338 ± 135 | 279 ± 52.1 | 531 ± 92.4 |
| IL-6 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 4.5 ± 3.4 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | 5.3 ± 1.7 |
| IL-33 | 195 ± 67.2 | 149 ± 24.7 | 154 ± 22.4 | 136 ± 49.7 |
| IFN-α2 | 15.2 ± 7.4 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 2.9 ± 0.7 |
| IFN-γ | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.10 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
| BCA-1 | 42.4 ± 24.8 | 85.7 ± 40.6 | 136 ± 109 | 221 ± 110 |
| SDF-1α and SDF-1β | 101 ± 40.6 | 61.8 ± 28.1 | 52.2 ± 11.2 | 29.7 ± 13.0 |
Definition of abbreviations: BCA = B cell–attracting chemokine; CRSsNP = chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps; CRSwNP = chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps; ECP = eosinophil cationic protein; MCP = monocyte chemoattractant protein; GM-CSF = granulocyte–macrophage colony–stimulating factor; RANTES = regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein; SCF = stem cell factor; SDF = stromal cell–derived factor; TARC = thymus and activation–regulated chemokine; UT = uncinate tissue.
All values are given in picograms per milligram of total protein. Bold indicates mediators of particular interest.
P < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test for statistical significance.
Significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with control UT accordng to post hoc analysis using Dunn’s multiple-comparisons test.
Significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with CRSsNP UT accordng to post hoc analysis using Dunn’s multiple-comparisons test.
Significantly different (P < 0.05) compared with CRSwNP UT accordng to post hoc analysis using Dunn’s multiple-comparisons test.
P < 0.01, Kruskal–Wallis test for statistical significance.
P < 0.05, Kruskal–Wallis test for statistical significance.