Figure 7. The integrated apoptotic pathways, a schematic diagram showing some of the known components of the intrinsic and the death receptor apoptotic programs and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.

The carbon-sulfur and carbon-amine bonds modification podophyllum compounds showed that the death receptor and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways were activated by the carbon-sulfur bond modified aromatic heterocyclic podophyllum derivatives. Only the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was activated by the carbon-amine bond modified aromatic heterocyclic podophyllum derivatives. Symbols: the pathways were activated by Compound 4β-S-(1, 3, 4-trizole-2)-4-deoxy-podophyllotoxin (Compound 1S) (); the pathways were activated Compound 4β-NH-(1, 3, 4-trizole-2)-4-deoxy-podophyllotoxin (Compound 1N) ().