Table 3.
Multivariable adjusted associations of education with 10-year estimated CHD risk. Effect estimates (i.e. [(exp(β)-1)×100]) represent % change in 10-year CHD risk for specific education category (i.e. “<high school” or “≥high school, <college”) vs. referent education category (i.e. ≥college). Numerical values in parentheses represent 95% confidence intervals.
| <High School | ≥High School, <College | |
|---|---|---|
| Females (n=207) | ||
| Total Effect Models | ||
| Model 1: Age, race | 109.7 (56.2, 181.5)* | 22.0 (3.7, 43.7)* |
| Model 2: Model 1 + childhood confounders§ | 73.7 (29.5, 133.0)* | 18.9 (1.3, 39.7)* |
| Direct Effect Models | ||
| Model 3: Model 2 + BMI, CES-D, income | 70.0 (23.1, 134.7)* | 18.9 (3.5, 36.5)* |
| Model 4: Model 2 + perceived constraints | 69.2 (26.2, 126.9)* | 16.0 (−0.8, 35.6) |
| Model 5: Model 2 + perceived mastery | 70.1 (26.6, 128.7)* | 17.7 (0.6, 37.6)* |
| Model 6: Model 2 + time preference | 75.0 (30.8, 134.0)* | 19.2 (1.7, 38.9)* |
| Model 7: Model 2 + aural literacy | 75.0 (26.6, 142.1)* | 19.0 (1.3, 39.8)* |
| Model 8: Model 2 + oral literacy | 74.2 (29.8, 133.7)* | 19.1 (1.3, 40.1)* |
| Model 9: Model 2 + numeracy | 67.8 (23.6, 128.0)* | 17.1 (−0.4, 37.9) |
| Model 10: Model 2 + reading comprehension | 71.2 (25.1, 134.3)* | 18.5 (0.8, 39.3)* |
| Full Model (all variables) | 68.3 (17.4, 141.3)* | 16.3 (1.2, 33.7)* |
|
| ||
| Males (n=139) | ||
| Total Effect Models | ||
| Model 1: Age, race | 40.6 (10.7, 78.6)* | 24.4 (3.1, 50.1)* |
| Model 2: Model 1 + childhood confounders§ | 48.2 (17.5, 86.8)* | 31.2 (7.5, 60.1)* |
| Direct Effect Models | ||
| Model 3: Model 2 + BMI, CES-D, income | 45.5 (14.2, 85.3)* | 29.6 (5.8, 58.8)* |
| Model 4: Model 2 + perceived constraints | 48.5 (17.2, 88.3)* | 30.8 (7.1, 59.6)* |
| Model 5: Model 2 + perceived mastery | 48.2 (17.5, 87.0)* | 31.1 (7.7, 59.5)* |
| Model 6: Model 2 + time preference | 49.4 (18.4, 88.5)* | 31.5 (7.9, 60.2)* |
| Model 7: Model 2 + aural literacy | 50.7 (20.0, 89.3)* | 33.9 (8.8, 64.8)* |
| Model 8: Model 2 + oral literacy | 46.9 (16.4, 85.4)* | 29.4 (5.9, 58.0)* |
| Model 9: Model 2 + numeracy | 46.1 (15.7, 84.6)* | 29.2 (5.2, 58.7)* |
| Model 10: Model 2 + reading comprehension | 41.6 (13.4, 76.9)* | 28.7 (5.6, 56.8)* |
| Full Model (all variables) | 43.7 (13.6, 81.9)* | 30.5 (5.6, 61.4)* |
§
Childhood confounders include parental socioeconomic index, age 7 intelligence, childhood chronic illness, childhood introversion, age 7 body mass index.
BMI, body mass index; CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
*
p<0.05 for group vs. referent (≥College) point estimate (β=0).