Table 1.

Etiologic factors associated with osteonecrosis

Trauma

Hip dislocation

Femoral neck fracture

Corticosteroid use

Solid organ transplantation

Bone marrow transplantation

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Alcohol consumption

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Coagulation disorders

Antithrombin III deficiency

Protein C deficiency

Protein S deficiency

Thrombocytosis

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection

Hemoglobinopathy

Sickle cell disease

Thalassemia

Polycythemia

Metabolic disease

Gaucher’s disease

Gout

Other rare disorders

Hyperlipidemia

Liver disease

Dysbaric phenomenon

Miscellaneous factors

Smoking

Pregnancy

Chemotherapy

Radiation