Table 2. Univariate analysis comparing patient’s baseline characteristics, procedure types, intraoperative and perioperative variables and between the 2 groups of patients with cardiac surgery associated AKI (CS-AKI) (group-I) and patients with a normal postoperative kidney function (group II) .

Characteristics	Group I CS-AKI (n = 20)	Group II Non-AKI (n = 221)	P value
Baseline characteristics
%EFa	51.2±15.4 (15-75)	49.8±14.8 (10-80)	0.69
Baseline Cra	1.17±0.27 (0.7-1.7)	1.03±0.25 (0.5-2)	0.047
Pre-op Hgba	8.04±1.69 (6.2-12.6)	7.88±1.27 (5.2-11.5)	0.68
Pre-op Hcta	24.2±5.23 (18.1-38.4)	23.3±3.75 (15.3-35.4)	0.46
Pre-transfusion Hgba	8.69±0.90 (7.5-10.8)	8.28±0.63 (6.7-9.7)	0.09
Surgery (≤48 h)	6 (30%)	38 (17%)	0.22
Blood transfusion (14 d)	12 (60%)	47 (21%)	0.0004
Procedure types
CABG	11 (55%)	175 (79%)	0.04
Valves	6 (30%)	34 (15%)
CABG + valves	3 (15%)	12 (5%)
Intraoperative variables
Operative timea	273.4±63.19 (186-423)	255.9± 56.9 (155-518)	0.24
Pump timea	149.6±48.1 (82-260)	112.8±36.9 (34-252)	0.003
Clamp timea	100.9±40.6 (40-218)	71.3±30.1 (18-188)	0.005
Perioperative MAP
Pre-CPB-MAPa	77.8±9.39 (60.7-98)	78.8 (51-105.4) ± 8.51	0.66
CPB-MAPa	57.02±4.52 (46-64.6)	58.03±5.00 (45-81.2)	0.35
∆-MAPa	20.79± 10.57 (5.3-43)	19.94±12.36 (47-65)	0.73
ICU-MAPa	81.61±8.76 (70.3-102.8)	82.92±10.52 (61.4-118.2)	0.53

Abbreviations: %EF, cardiac ejection fraction; Cr, Creatinine; Pre-op Hgb, pre-operative hemoglobin; Pre-op Hct, pre-operative hematocrit; Surgery (≤48 h), surgery less than 48 hours from heart catheterization; Blood transfusion (14 d), blood transfusion within 14 postoperative days; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; Valves, valve surgery; CABG + valves, combined CABG and valve surgery; pump time, duration of CBP; clamp time, aortic cross clamp time; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; MAP, mean arterial pressure; ΔMAP, Difference between pre-CPB MAP and CPB MAP; ICU, intensive care unit.

^a Figures are presented as mean ± standard deviation (range).