Table 1.

Gene Ontology analysis based on immunomodulatory function-associated genes upregulated in high-density MSC cultures (>90 %)

Gene Ontology Category_Biological Process	Total number of genes	Number of upregulated genes	Enrichment	P value
GO:0005576_extracellular region	21,529	91	17.89	<0.001
GO:0022610_biological adhesion	6813	37	8.31	<0.001
GO:0002253_activation of immune response	1360	6	3.87	0.016
GO:0016477_cell migration	5281	14	3.53	<0.001
GO:0042981_regulation of apoptosis	7116	26	2.1	<0.001
GO:0006955_immune response	6130	23	1.81	0.0012
GO:0050920_regulation of chemotaxis	598	3	1.79	0.084
GO:0048771_tissue remodeling	632	5	1.67	0.001
GO:0001558_regulation of cell growth	1805	8	1.32	0.033
GO:0042611_MHC protein complex	759	4	1.05	0.063

Microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression profiles of MSCs that were seeded at a density of 200 and 5000 cells/cm², which were around 50 % and 90 % confluent on day 7, respectively. Upregulated genes in MSC cultures seeded at a density of 5000 cells/cm² were sorted on the basis of gene expression profiles (fold change > 2 and P value < 0.05) and classified according to their related biological processes based on Gene Ontology terms by using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7

MSC mesenchymal stem cell, DAVID Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery