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. 2015 Oct 7;10(10):e0139845. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139845

Fig 1. Effects of lidocaine on the expression of various cytokines upon LPS stimulation.

Fig 1

Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were stimulated with 100 ng/ml of LPS in the presence of vehicle (EtOH) or 0.2 mg/ml lidocaine for 4 h and 24 h to examine mRNA expression and cytokine production, respectively. (A) The mRNA levels of the indicated genes were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. (B) The amounts of each cytokine produced were measured by ELISA. All experiments were performed at least three times. Data shown are mean ± SEM. *p<0.05; ***p<0.001; ND, not detected.