TABLE 2.
Health history and lifestyle factors across mild, moderate and severe Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain categories
| Mild pain (n=83) | Moderate pain (n=79) | Severe pain (n=35) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 64.9±11.8 | 63.0±9.7 | 60.2±10.8 | 0.14 |
| OA duration, months, mean ± SD | 90.1±83.9 | 103.3±106.0 | 105.2±98.3 | 0.86 |
| Number of diseases, mean ± SD | 2.9±1.4 | 3.0±1.6 | 3.2±1.7 | 0.79 |
| WOMAC scores, mean ± SD | ||||
|
| ||||
| Stiffness score | 68.3±45.1 | 117.6±39.9 | 139.3±33.0 | <0.0001 |
| Disability score | 304.4±208.0 | 689.2±249.0 | 977.8±267.0 | <0.0001 |
| Sex | ||||
|
| ||||
| Female | 57 (69) | 53 (67) | 26 (74) | 0.74 |
| Male | 26 (31) | 26 (33) | 9 (26) | |
| Unilateral or bilateral OA | ||||
|
| ||||
| Unilateral | 44 (53) | 27 (34) | 9 (26) | 0.002 |
| Bilateral | 39 (47) | 52 (66) | 26 (74) | |
| BMI category* | ||||
|
| ||||
| Underweight | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.008 |
| Normal weight | 25 (31) | 12 (16) | 5 (14) | |
| Overweight | 34 (41) | 29 (38) | 8 (23) | |
| Obese | 22 (27) | 36 (46) | 22 (63) | |
| Self-reported health | ||||
|
| ||||
| Poor | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 5 (14) | 0.001 |
| Good | 40 (48) | 46 (58) | 14 (40) | |
| Very good | 37 (45) | 27 (34) | 15 (43) | |
| Excellent | 6 (7) | 5 (6) | 1 (3) | |
| Smoking history and alcohol consumption | ||||
|
| ||||
| Ever smoke | 36 (44) | 37 (47) | 21 (60) | 0.25 |
| Alcoholic drinks/week, mean ± SD | 3.1±3.8 | 3.8±5.3 | 3.3±3.9 | 0.86 |
| Medication, supplement and alternative therapy use | ||||
|
| ||||
| OA medications | 44 (53) | 59 (75) | 33 (94) | <0.0001 |
| OA prescriptions | 14 (17) | 25 (32) | 15 (43) | 0.009 |
| OTC pain | 43 (52) | 49 (62) | 25 (71) | 0.12 |
| Supplements | 78 (94) | 69 (87) | 26 (74) | 0.01 |
| OA supplements | 37 (45) | 22 (28) | 14 (40) | 0.08 |
| Physical therapy | 28 (34) | 23 (29) | 14 (40) | 0.71 |
| Serving of fruit and vegetables, mean ± SD | ||||
|
| ||||
| Fruits | 2.1±1.5 | 1.6±1.4 | 1.5±1.4 | 0.03 |
| Vegetables | 2.5±1.3 | 2.7±1.4 | 2.4±1.4 | 0.49 |
| Physical activity | ||||
|
| ||||
| Meet guidelines† | 53 (64) | 34 (43) | 8 (23) | 0.0001 |
| Walking minutes, mean ± SD | 67.1±78.0 | 59.6±67.4 | 38.6±61.7 | 0.09 |
Data presented as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*
Underweight, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2; normal weight, BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; overweight, BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2; obese, BMI >30.0 kg/m2);
†
Physical activity guidelines of ≥150 min/week of exercise (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2012 [38]). OA Osteoarthritis; OTC Over-the-counter