Figure 1. Distribution of atrophy in Parkinson's disease.
This image displays the only one of the 30 independent component analysis (ICA) networks showing a significant difference between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Controls (p = 0.003 after correction for multiple comparison). The ICA spatial map was converted to a z-statistic image via a normalized mixture–model fit and then thresholded at z = 3. Selected sections in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space at coordinates z = −16, z = −12, z = −7, z = −2, z = 8, z = 14, z = 20, z = 70. See Tables 1, 2 for anatomical localization. Note that the value at each voxel is the z-score of the ICA component, not the group difference.
Figure 1—figure supplement 1. Networks with positive correlation between average deformation and age.
The average deformation for each subject in all 30 ICA networks was correlated with age. 10 networks showed a significant correlation after Bonferroni correction. The three components depicted here show a significant positive effect of age (expansion). They represent cerebrospinal fluid spaces.
Figure 1—figure supplement 2. Networks with negative correlation between average deformation and age.
(The PD-ICA network is not shown here, but it also displays a correlation with age.)
Figure 1—figure supplement 3. Overlapping areas between the PD-ICA network obtained from the PPMI data set and regions from Masuda-Suzukake et al. (2013).
Plot of the regions from Masuda-Suzukake et al. (2013) that demonstrated synucleinopathy after injection of pathogenic synuclein fibrils in the substantia nigra, and their anatomical connectivity. The dark green regions were present in the PD-ICA network in the current analysis after thresholding with z > 3. Entorhinal cortex and stria terminali depicted with light green were marginally outside the map 2.7 < z < 3.
Figure 1—figure supplement 4. Voxel-wise difference in atrophy between PD and controls.
This map displays the univariate z-score of the group difference in atrophy at each voxel within the PD-ICA.