Table 3.
Brain areas showing significant differences in activation between language and color-shape during single, stay, and switch trials (BA = Brodmann’s Area; R = right, L = left, C = cluster ≥ 256 mm3, PSC = Percent Signal Change).
| Single: language > color-shape | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomical Location | BA/subregion | Volume (mm3) | Center (x,y,z) | T-value at Peak Intensity | PSC Lang | PSC Task | ||||
| C1 | Focus Point | Right Thalamus | - | 1600 | R2 | P21 | S16 | −4.10 | 1.72 | 1.08 |
| Right Medial Dorsal Nucleus | - | |||||||||
| Left Thalamus and Medial Dorsal Nucleus | - | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| C2 | Focus Point | Right Thalamus | - | 1536 | R2 | P33 | S4 | −4.34 | 2.31 | 1.46 |
| Left Thalamus | - | |||||||||
| Parahippocampal Gyrus | - | |||||||||
| Posterior Cingulate Gyrus | - | |||||||||
| Stay: color-shape > language | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomical Location | BA/subregion | Volume (mm3) | Center (x,y,z) | T-value at Peak Intensity | PSC Lang | PSC Task | ||||
| C1 | Focus Point | Left Precentral Gyrus | 155520 | L38 | A7 | S36 | 5.71 | 0.22 | 0.81 | |
| Focus Point | Left Precentral Gyrus | L BA 6, 9, 44 | ||||||||
| Fronal Regions | Inferior, Middle, Medial, Superior Frontal Gyrus | R & L BA 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 32, 45, 46, 47; L BA 13, 44 | ||||||||
| Paracentral Lobule | R & L BA 5, 31 | |||||||||
| Parietal | Precuneus | R & L BA 7, 31 | ||||||||
| Temporal | Superior and Right Middle Temporal Gyrus | R & L BA 13, 22; R BA 21, 38 | ||||||||
| Occipital | Middle Occipital Gyrus | |||||||||
| Left Cuneus Gyrus | ||||||||||
| Left Lingual Gyrus | L BA 17, 18, 19 | |||||||||
| Fusiform Gyrus | R & L BA 37 | |||||||||
| Cingulate | Anterior, Posterior Cingulate Gyrus | R & L BA 23, 24, 25, 31, 32; R BA 33; L BA 30 | ||||||||
| Insular Cortex | Insula | R & L BA 13, 22; R BA 21; L BA 47 | ||||||||
| Subcortical | Parahippocampal Gyrus | R & L BA 19, 30, 35, 36, 37; L BA 28 | ||||||||
| Hippocampus | ||||||||||
| Amygdala | ||||||||||
| Thalamus and Hypothalamus | ||||||||||
| Claustrum | ||||||||||
| Subcallosal Gyrus | R & L BA 34 | |||||||||
| Basal Ganglia | Caudate, Lentiform Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus | |||||||||
|
| ||||||||||
| C2 | Focus Point | Left Superior Temporal Gyrus | L BA 13, 21, 22, 39 | 4544 | L46 | P37 | S4 | 4.84 | 0.18 | 0.51 |
| Left Middle Temporal Gyrus | L BA 22 | |||||||||
| Temporal | Left Supramarginal Gyrus | L BA 40 | ||||||||
| Left Angular Gyrus | ||||||||||
| Left Inferior Parietal Lobule | L BA 40 | |||||||||
| Subcortical | Left Paraphippocampal Gyrus | |||||||||
| Left Caudate | ||||||||||
| Switch: language > color-shape | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anatomical Location | BA/subregion | Volume (mm3) | Center (x,y,z) | Peak Intensity | PSC Lang | PSC Task | ||||
| C1 | Focus Point | Right Thalamus | - | 1728 | R10 | P13 | S20 | −3.47 | 1.68 | 1.03 |
| Right Caudate | - | |||||||||
| Cingulate Gyrus | - | |||||||||
| Left Thalamus, Left Midline Nucleus, Left Lateral Dorsal Nucleus | - | |||||||||
Clusters shown survived our cluster threshold alpha-protection procedure (clusters: individual voxel p < 0.025, volume > 1088 mm3, whole brain p < 0.05; see text for details).