Table 5.

Incremental Prognostic Value of EFV beyond Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring

First Author (Ref #)	Total, n	Outcome	Events	EFV Aggregation	OR	HR	Multivariate Adjustments
Cheng [16]	232	MACE	58	Log of Volume in Continuous Increments	1.74 (1.03-2.95)		Age, traditional risk factors, CAC and FRS
D'Marco [17]	95	All-cause mortality	27	10 mL Increments		1.06 (1.01-1.05)	Age, gender, race, BMI, HDL cholesterol, total CAC
Forouzandeh [14]	760	MACE	45	> 125 mL		1.59 (0.81-3.09)	FRS, BMI and CAC
Greif [15]	143 (2 excluded)	MACE	32	200 mL Increments		CAC>400, EFV>200: 2.9 (1.9-4.5) CAC>400, EFV>400: 3.0 (1.9-4.5) CAC>400, EFV>600: 3.0 (1.9-4.9) CAC>800, EFV>200: 4.0(2.1-5.0) CAC>1600, EFV>200: 7.1(4.1-10.2)	Age, gender, coronary risk factors and CAC
Kunita [19]	722	MACE	37	> 107.2 mL		2.48 (1.16-5.31)	age, sex, BMI, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, current smoking and CAC > 100
Mahabadi [7]	4,093	MACE	130	Doubling of Volume		1.50 (1.07-2.11)	Age, gender, traditional risk factors and CAC
Shmilovich [18]	226	MACE	58	> 68 mL/m2 *	2.8 (1.3-6.4)		CAC and FRS (EFV indexed to BSA – roughly equivalent to 125 mL)

BMI – body mass index; BSA – body surface area; CAC – coronary artery calcium score; EFV – epicardial fat volume; FRS – Framingham Risk Score; HDL – high density lipoproteins; HR – hazard ratio; MACE – major adverse cardiac event; OR – odds ratio;

* this is roughly equivalent to 125mL/1.7m² (close to the average adult BSA)