TABLE I.
VALIDATION OF ULTRASOUND PROTOCOLS
| Methods |
Results | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rater | Subjects | Observations | |||||||||
| Article | Measure | n | n | Type | Type | n | Independ. / Blinded | Interval between measu res | Statistical Analysis | Est. of Reliability | Methodologic Assessment |
| Campbell 1995 | LD | 1 5 |
8 1 |
Healthy NR |
Intra Inter |
NR NR |
N/A NR |
Daily × 5 day NR |
CV CV |
1.5 - 2.9 % 1.9 - 4.5°% |
Poor Poor |
| Moukas 2002 | LD | NR | NR | Critically Ill | Intra | 3 | N/A | NR | CV | <2.0% | Unclear |
| Reid 2004 | LD | 1 | 30 | Healthy | NR | 3 | NR | Daily × 3 days | CV | 2.5 - 4.3 % | Poor |
| Gruther 2008 | MLD | 1 | NR | Critically Ill | Intra | 2 | N/A | NR | CV | < 1.3% | Unclear |
| Gruther 2010 | MLD | 1 | 33 | Critically Ill | Intra | NR | N/A | NR | CV | 0.25% | Poor |
| Baldwin 2011 | LD | NR | 13 | Healthy | Intra | 2 | N/A | NR | ICC | 0.985 - 1.0 | Fair |
| Puthucheary 2013 | CSA | 2 | 21 | Critically Ill | Intra | 3 | Both | Consecutive | CC Bias |
R2 = 0.97 Bias = 7mm2 |
Excellent |
| Grimm 2013 | IE | NR | NR | Critically Ill | Intra Inter |
NR NR |
N/A NR |
NR NR |
ICC ICC |
0.915 0.972 |
Unclear Unclear |
| Baldwin 2014 | LD LD |
NR NR |
16 16 |
Critically Ill Healthy |
Intra Intra |
3 3 |
N/A N/A |
Consecutive Consecutive |
ICC ICC |
0.976 NR |
Fair Unclear |
Full table results given in Supplementary Table S1
Reid 2008, Gerovasili 2009, Cartwright 2012, Rodriquez 2012 do not report independent validation of reliability.
LD = Linear Depth, MLD = Mean Linear Depth, CSA = Cross Sectional Area, IE = Interimage echogenicity, N/A=Not Applicable NR = Not reported Intra = Intra-rater, Inter = Inter-rater