Table 1.
Characteristics of 571 men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, by level of vigorous physical activity and walking pace prior to diagnosis (median time from assessment to diagnosis: 14 months).
| Vigorous Activity | Walking Pace | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <1 h/wk | 1 to <3 h/wk | ≥3 h/wk | <3 mph | ≥3 mph | |
| No. of participants | 328 | 142 | 101 | 307 | 264 |
| Age at diagnosis, y, mean ± SD | 66 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 | 64 ± 6 | 66 ± 6 | 65 ± 6 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 26 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | 25 ± 2 | 26 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 |
| Smoking behavior, N (%) | |||||
| Never | 147 (45) | 60 (42) | 54 (53) | 118 (38) | 143 (54) |
| Former | 138 (42) | 70 (49) | 37 (37) | 150 (49) | 95 (36) |
| Current | 29 (9) | 8 (6) | 5 (5) | 29 (9) | 13 (5) |
| Missing | 14 (4) | 4 (3) | 5 (5) | 10 (3) | 13 (5) |
| T-stage, N (%) | |||||
| T1 N0 M0 | 13 (4) | 3 (2) | 2 (2) | 12 (4) | 6 (2) |
| T2 N0 M0 | 214 (65) | 92 (65) | 74 (73) | 193 (63) | 187 (71) |
| T3 N0 M0 | 79 (24) | 37 (26) | 20 (20) | 78 (25) | 58 (22) |
| T4 N0 M0 | 2 (1) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (0) |
| N1 M0 | 15 (5) | 4 (3) | 3 (3) | 14 (5) | 8 (3) |
| M1 (N0 or N1) | 5 (2) | 5 (4) | 1 (1) | 7 (2) | 4 (2) |
| Gleason sum, N (%) | |||||
| 2-6 | 83 (25) | 29 (20) | 23 (23) | 82 (27) | 53 (20) |
| 7 | 175 (53) | 87 (61) | 62 (61) | 160 (52) | 164 (62) |
| 8-10 | 65 (20) | 23 (16) | 15 (15) | 61 (20) | 42 (16) |
| Missing | 5 (2) | 3 (2) | 1 (1) | 4 (1) | 5 (2) |
| PSA at diagnosis (ng/ml), median (range) | 7.3 (0.4, 135.0) | 6.4 (1.3, 49.6) | 6.4 (1.6, 77.0) | 7.2 (0.4, 77.0) | 6.9 (1.1, 135.0) |
| Radical prostatectomy, N (%) | 297 (91) | 129 (91) | 96 (95) | 273 (89) | 249 (94) |
| Regular aspirin use, N (%) | 148 (45) | 82 (58) | 48 (48) | 152 (50) | 126 (48) |
| Lycopene, mg/d, mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 5.0 | 7.4 ± 4.7 | 7.3 ± 4.5 | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 7.6 ± 5.4 |
| Vitamin E, mg/d, mean ± SD | 101 ± 176 | 117 ± 155 | 133 ± 207 | 105 ± 179 | 117 ± 176 |
| Vigorous activity, h/wk, mean ± SD | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 3.6 | 1.5 ± 2.9 | 1.7 ± 2.7 |
| Non-vigorous activity, h/wk, mean ± SD | 5.4 ± 6.4 | 6.9 ± 8.1 | 4.6 ± 4.8 | 5.1 ± 5.8 | 6.3 ± 7.5 |
Abbreviations: hours (h), week (wk), miles per hour (mph), standard deviation (SD), body mass index (BMI), prostate specific antigen (PSA).