Table 2.
Relative odds of having more regular vessel lumens, larger vessel area, or higher microvessel density in the prostate tumor by level of physical activity at diagnosis among 571 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
|
Regularity of Vessel Lumen
| |||||
| Walking pace | <3 mph | ≥3 mph | P-trend1 | ||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.52 (1.13, 2.05) | 0.006 | ||
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.52 (1.10, 2.09) | 0.01 | ||
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.59 (1.11, 2.27) | 0.01 | ||
| Vigorous Physical Activity | <1 h/wk | 1 to <3 h/wk | ≥3 h/wk | ||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.89) | 0.93 (0.62, 1.39) | 0.87 | |
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.24 (0.86, 1.81) | 0.78 (0.51, 1.20) | 0.36 | |
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.17 (0.78, 1.75) | 0.89 (0.56, 1.41) | 0.68 | |
| Non-vigorous Physical Activity | <1.5 h/wk | 1.5 to <3.5 h/wk | 3.5 to <7 h/wk | ≥7 h/wk | |
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.90 (0.59, 1.38) | 1.22 (0.79, 1.89) | 1.00 (0.65, 1.54) | 0.85 |
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.91 (0.59, 1.41) | 1.14 (0.72, 1.80) | 0.86 (0.55, 1.35) | 0.53 |
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.71 (0.43, 1.15) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.42) | 0.75 (0.46, 1.25) | 0.55 |
|
Vessel Area | |||||
| Walking pace | <3 mph | ≥3 h/wk | |||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.24 (0.93, 1.67) | 0.15 | ||
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.24 (0.90, 1.71) | 0.18 | ||
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.48 (1.04, 2.12) | 0.03 | ||
| Vigorous Physical Activity | <1 h/wk | 1 to <3 h/wk | ≥3 h/wk | ||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.31) | 0.52 | |
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.92 (0.63, 1.33) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.26) | 0.36 | |
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.83 (0.55, 1.24) | 0.70 (0.44, 1.11) | 0.12 | |
| Non-vigorous Physical Activity | <1.5 h/wk | 1.5 to <3.5 h/wk | 3.5 to <7 h/wk | ≥7 h/wk | |
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.11 (0.72, 1.70) | 1.04 (0.68, 1.61) | 0.90 (0.58, 1.39) | 0.40 |
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.13 (0.73, 1.76) | 0.95 (0.60, 1.49) | 0.78 (0.50, 1.23) | 0.12 |
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.18 (0.72, 1.92) | 0.93 (0.57, 1.54) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.42) | 0.31 |
|
Microvessel Density | |||||
| Walking pace | <3 mph | ≥3 h/wk | |||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.47) | 0.55 | ||
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.02 (0.74, 1.41) | 0.89 | ||
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.07 (0.75, 1.53) | 0.70 | ||
| Vigorous Physical Activity | <1 h/wk | 1 to <3 h/wk | ≥3 h/wk | ||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.48 (1.04, 2.12) | 0.95 (0.63, 1.42) | 0.97 | |
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.53 (1.05, 2.22) | 0.99 (0.64, 1.51) | 0.87 | |
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.55 (1.03, 2.32) | 1.03 (0.65, 1.64) | 0.76 | |
| Non-vigorous Physical Activity | <1.5 h/wk | 1.5 to <3.5 h/wk | 3.5 to <7 h/wk ≥7 h/wk | ||
| Model 12 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.91 (0.59, 1.39) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.15) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.50) | 0.85 |
| Model 23 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.92 (0.59, 1.42) | 0.73 (0.47, 1.16) | 0.92 (0.58, 1.44) | 0.89 |
| Model 34 | 1.0 (ref.) | 0.79 (0.49, 1.29) | 0.61 (0.37, 1.01) | 0.80 (0.48, 1.31) | 0.68 |
p-trend calculated by modeling the median of the exposure categories as a continuous term.
Model 1: Ordinal logistic regression with the dependent variable categorized in quartiles and adjusted for age at diagnosis.
Model 2: Model 1 adjusted for body mass index at diagnosis (<25, 25-29.9, 30+ kg/m2), smoking status at diagnosis (never, former, current), tissue source (radical prostatectomy, trans urethral resection of the prostate), lycopene intake at diagnosis (quartiles), vitamin E intake at diagnosis (quartiles), and regular aspirin use at diagnosis (yes/no). Additionally, the types of activity are adjusted for one another. Model 2 includes the 546 men who had complete data on all covariates included in the model.
Model 3: Model 2 adjusted for pathologic stage (T1/T2 vs. T3/T4), Gleason sum (2-6, 7, 8-10), and diagnostic prostate specific antigen level (ng/ml). Model 3 includes 465 men who had complete data on all covariates included in the model.