Table 3.
Associations between frequency of consumption of food groups and GWG
| Food group |
Pre-BMI
|
p value | Pre-BMI
|
p value | Total | p value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underweight and Normal weight | Overweight and Obese | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
| Gestational weight gain
|
Gestational weight gain
|
Gestational weight gain
|
||||||||||
| Inadequate (%) |
Appropriate (%) |
Excessive (%) |
Inadequate (%) |
Appropriate (%) |
Excessive (%) |
Inadequate (%) |
Appropriate (%) |
Excessive (%) |
||||
| Fruits | ||||||||||||
| <1/day | 30.1 | 54.8 | 15.1 | 0.22 | 16.1 | 43.5 | 40.3 | 0.27 | 23.7 | 49.6 | 26.7 | 0.32 |
| ≥1/day | 33.3 | 66.7 | 0.0 | 37.5 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 34.8 | 52.2 | 13.0 | |||
| Vegetables | ||||||||||||
| <1/day | 31.3 | 57.5 | 11.3 | 0.33 | 19.1 | 42.6 | 38.2 | 0.16 | 25.7 | 50.7 | 23.6 | 0.51 |
| ≥1/day | 16.7 | 66.7 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 12.5 | 50.0 | 37.5 | |||
| Starchy vegetables and beans | ||||||||||||
| <1/day | 29.1 | 57.0 | 13.9 | 0.41 | 18.2 | 42.4 | 39.4 | 0.27 | 24.1 | 50.3 | 25.5 | 0.84 |
| ≥1/day | 28.6 | 71.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 66.7 | 20.0 | 60.0 | 20.0 | |||
| Breakfast cereals | ||||||||||||
| <1/day | 33.8 | 56.3 | 9.9 | 0.06 | 17.5 | 43.9 | 38.6 | 0.58 | 26.6 | 50.8 | 22.7 | 0.50 |
| ≥1/day | 16.7 | 61.1 | 22.2 | 21.4 | 35.7 | 42.9 | 18.8 | 50.0 | 31.2 | |||
| Rice | ||||||||||||
| <1/day | 29.0 | 58.0 | 13.0 | 0.51 | 13.8 | 48.3 | 37.9 | 0.34 | 22.0 | 53.5 | 24.4 | 0.63 |
| ≥1/day | 25.0 | 62.5 | 12.5 | 36.4 | 18.2 | 45.5 | 29.6 | 44.4 | 25.9 | |||
| Red meat | ||||||||||||
| <2/week | 33.9 | 55.9 | 10.2 | 0.13 | 17.6 | 43.1 | 39.2 | 0.48 | 26.4 | 50.0 | 23.6 | 0.64 |
| ≥2/week | 23.1 | 57.7 | 19.2 | 15.8 | 42.1 | 42.1 | 20.0 | 51.1 | 28.9 | |||
| Fish | ||||||||||||
| <2/week | 29.8 | 58.3 | 11.9 | 0.44 | 18.2 | 42.4 | 39.4 | 0.61 | 24.7 | 51.3 | 24.0 | 0.72 |
| ≥2/week | 25.9 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 25.0 | 37.5 | 37.5 | |||