Table 4.
Multivariable Regression Analysis of Primary Outcome Measures of Quality of Life, Lower Extremity Function and Late Life Disability (n=2,210) – Females by age with strength
| FEMALES | SF-12 PCS β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | LLDI-Frequency β (95% CI) | LLDI-Limitations β (95% CI) | Chair Stand β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 42.5 [35.3:49.5] | 1.53 [1.36:1.69] | 55.4 [52.6-58.1] | 76.2 [69.8:82.7] | 0.45 [0.34-0.55] |
| Low PASE | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25-50percentile PASE | 2.21 [1.05:3.38] | 0.06 [0.03:0.08] | 1.69 [1.23:2.14] | 2.32 [1.24:3.40] | 0.01 [−0.003:0.03] |
| 50-75percentile PASE | 3.52 [2.35:4.69] | 0.08 [0.05:0.11] | 2.22 [1.76:2.68] | 3.65 [2.57:4.73] | 0.02 [0.007:0.04] |
| High PASE | 3.68 [2.48:4.87] | 0.07 [0.05:0.10] | 3.13 [2.67:3.60] | 5.13 [4.03:6.22] | 0.03 [0.01:0.04] |
| Time | −0.50 [−0.65:−0.35] | −0.013 [−0.016:−0.01] | -- | -- | 0.002 [−0.003:0.004] |
| Time * Low PASE | ref | Ref | -- | -- | Ref |
| Time * 25-50percentile PASE | −0.20 [−0.40:−0.001] | 0.005 [−0.003:0.004] | -- | -- | 0.0006 [−0.003:0.004] |
| Time * 50-75percentile PASE | −0.003 [−0.20:0.20] | 0.002 [−0.002:0.006] | -- | -- | 0.0008 [−0.0023:0.004] |
| Time * High PASE | 0.08 [−0.12:0.28] | 0.002 [−0.002:0.005] | -- | -- | 0.002 [−0.0013:0.005] |
| Age 60-70 years | SF-12 PCS β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | LLDI-Frequency β (95% CI) | LLDI-Limitations β (95% CI) | Chair Stand β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 35.4 [30.6:40.3] | 1.06 [0.95:1.17] | 50.4 [48.3:52.5] | 55.0 [50.3:59.8] | 0.32 [0.25:0.40] |
| Low PASE | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25-50percentile PASE | 2.34 [0.83:3.85] | 0.07 [0.03:0.10] | 1.29 [0.67:1.91] | 1.89 [0.47:3.32] | 0.02 [−0.002:0.05] |
| 50-75percentile PASE | 3.65 [2.16:5.14] | 0.08 [0.05:0.12] | 1.37 [0.76:1.99] | 3.51 [2.10:4.97] | 0.03 [0.01:0.05] |
| High PASE | 3.52 [2.07:4.98] | 0.08 [0.05:0.11] | 2.26 [1.66:2.85] | 4.65 [3.30:6.01] | 0.04 [0.01:0.06] |
| Time | −0.39 [−0.59:−0.19] | −0.01 [−0.013:−0.006] | -- | -- | 0.002 [−0.001:0.005] |
| Time * Low PASE | Ref | Ref | -- | -- | Ref |
| Time * 25-50percentile PASE | −0.20 [−0.47:0.07] | 0.0004 [−0.005:0.005] | -- | -- | 0.003 [−0.001:0.008] |
| Time * 50-75percentile PASE | 0.02 [−0.25:0.28] | −0.0003 [−0.005:0.004] | -- | -- | 0.001 [−0.003:0.005] |
| Time * High PASE | 0.04 [−0.22:0.29] | 0.002 [−0.003:0.007] | -- | -- | 0.004 [0.00003:0.008] |
| Age 70+ years | SF-12 PCS β (95% CI) | Gait Speed β (95% CI) | LLDI-Frequency β (95% CI) | LLDI-Limitations β (95% CI) | Chair Stand β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | 38.5 [31.6:45.4] | 0.90 [0.74:1.06] | 60.7 [58.1:63.1] | 77.7 [72.5:83.9] | 0.33 [0.23:0.42] |
| Low PASE | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 25-50percentile PASE | 2.13 [0.29:3.97] | 0.04 [−0.003:0.09] | 1.89 [1.24:2.54] | 2.53 [0.90:4.17] | 0.007 [−0.019:−0.03] |
| 50-75percentile PASE | 3.50 [1.58:5.42] | 0.07 [0.03:0.12] | 3.21 [2.55:3.88] | 3.95 [2.27:5.62] | 0.02 [−0.008:0.05] |
| High PASE | 4.71 [2.61:6.81] | 0.09 [0.04:0.14] | 4.65 [3.93-5.37] | 7.11 [5.30:8.91] | 0.02 [−0.01:0.05] |
| Time | −0.63 [−0.85:−0.42] | −0.018 [−0.022:−0.014] | -- | -- | 0.0014 [−0.002:0.005] |
| Time * Low PASE | Ref | Ref | -- | -- | Ref |
| Time * 25-50percentile PASE | −0.23 [−0.53:0.08] | 0.0003 [−0.006:0.006] | -- | -- | −0.004 [−0.009:0.0007] |
| Time * 50-75percentile PASE | −0.09 [−0.40:0.23] | 0.004 [−0.002:0.01] | -- | -- | 0.001 [−0.004:0.006] |
| Time * High PASE | 0.024 [−0.31:0.36] | −0.004 [−0.011:0.003] | -- | -- | −0.005 [−0.01:0.00002] |
All linear mixed models are adjusted for age, education, race, cohort type (incidence, progression, control), Charlson co-morbidity score, maximum knee strength, smoking status. Referent category is low quartile of Physical Activity Score for the Elderly (PASE) for each sex. Time-dependent co-variates are included in time × PASE quartile interaction. Boldfaced items indicate p<0.05. LLDI was only available at 6-year follow-up thereby no time interaction term model was considered for this outcome measure. Abbreviations: CI – Confidence Intervals; LLDI – Late-Life Functional and Disability Index; MCS – Mental Component Score; PASE – Physical Activity Score for the Elderly; PCS –Physical Component Score; SF – Short Form