Table 3. Means and standard deviations of the unstandardized cognitive task variables for below average, average and above average intelligent ASD and control children.
| Below average IQ | Below average IQ | Average IQ | Average IQ | Above average IQ | Above average IQ | F-, p- & η p 2-values for univariate comparisons | F-, p- & η p 2-values for univariate comparisons | F-, p- & η p 2-values for univariate comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASD | Control | ASD | Control | ASD | Control | IQ | Diagnosis | IQ x Diagnosis | |
| COMPOSITE SCORE | |||||||||
| - standardized z-score | -0.34 (0.59) | -0.23 (0.57) | 0.03 (0.50) | 0.25 (0.45) | -0.06 (0.61) | 0.48 (0.40) | 23.34/ < .001/.20 | 6.35/.01/.03 | 2.11/.12/.01 |
| SOCIAL COGNITION | |||||||||
| Face recognition n/N | 29/30 | 14/22 | 56/57 | 54/54 | 40/41 | 49/70 | F/p/ η p 2 | F/p/ η p 2 | F/p/ η p 2 |
| - MRT (M, SD) | 1878.3 (581.7) | 1541.9 (294.9) | 1759.2 (556.3) | 1608.9 (594.5) | 2073.4 (648.0) | 1504.2 (460.9) | 3.57/.03/.04 | 11.82/ < .001/ .05 | 1.30/ .27/ .02 |
| - % errors (M, SD) | 21.0 (15.5) | 14.8 (10.4) | 16.9 (21.0) | 10.2 (9.7) | 18.3 (20.7) | 9.8 (10.3) | 10.42/ < .001/.09 | 1.89/ .17/ .02 | 0.58/ .56/ .01 |
| Facial emotion recognition n/N | 27/30 | 20/22 | 53/57 | 54/54 | 38/41 | 58/70 | |||
| - MRT (M, SD) | 1038.5 (249.7) | 947.5 (188.1) | 935.7 (231.6) | 913.1 (227.7) | 1049.8 (219.0) | 905.6 (179.6) | 5.70/ .004/.06 | 5.54/ .019/.03 | 0.44/ .65/ .01 |
| - % errors (M, SD) | 17.8 (12.2) | 13.9 (7.2) | 15.2 (13.6) | 11.5 (6.3) | 16.2 (15.1) | 11.7 (7.2) | 5.58/ .004/.07 | 2.57/ .11/.01 | 0.39/ .68/.01 |
| Affective prosody n/N | 25/30 | 15/22 | 54/57 | 46/54 | 38/41 | 45/70 | |||
| - MRT (M, SD) | 3646.8 (534.9) | 3509.9 (598.9) | 3505.5 (480.5) | 3132.1 (705.5) | 3500.1 (542.3) | 3056.9 (692.1) | 6.89/ .001/.08 | 4.66/ .032/.02 | 1.00/ .37/.01 |
| - % errors (M, SD) | 29.6 (11.4) | 33.3 (14.6) | 23.8 (9.2) | 21.9 (10.7) | 23.6 (9.8) | 24.2 (11.2) | 9.34/ < .001/.10 | 0.32/ .57/ < .01 | 1.72/ .18/.02 |
| EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING | |||||||||
| Inhibition n/N | 28/30 | 22/22 | 56/57 | 53/54 | 40/41 | 70/70 | |||
| - MRT (M, SD) | 204.6 (162.2) | 155.5 (117.6) | 144.9 (143.5) | 114.0 (82.6) | 157.5 (137.5) | 98.1 (75.2) | 8.09/ < .001/.09 | 6.37/ .012/.02 | 0.24/ .79/ < .01 |
| - % errors (M, SD) | 1.8 (5.2) | 2.9 (4.5) | 2.6 (4.5) | 2.7 (4.1) | 1.9 (4.3) | 1.4 (4.1) | 0.74/ .48/.01 | 0.09/ .76/ < .01 | 0.77/ .47/.01 |
| Cognitive flexibility n/N | 27/30 | 22/22 | 56/57 | 53/54 | 40/41 | 70/70 | |||
| - MRT (M, SD) | 379.7 (216.5) | 433.0 (280.3) | 343.0 (252.9) | 304.0 (183.6) | 368.5 (237.7) | 301.4 (150.1) | 3.93/ .021/.06 | 0.01/ .94/ < .01 | 0.61/ .54/ < .01 |
| - % errors (M, SD) | 11.3 (12.4) | 10.2 (10.7) | 7.7 (8.4) | 7.1 (7.7) | 5.5 (7.7) | 7.8 (8.6) | 1.65/ .20/.05 | 0.04/ .85/ < .01 | 0.66/ .52/ < .01 |
| Verbal working memory n/N | 27/30 | 22/22 | 55/57 | 54/54 | 40/41 | 69/70 | |||
| - N correct (M, SD) | 4.4 (1.5) | 5.1 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.8) | 5.8 (1.7) | 5.0 (2.1) | 6.2 (2.4) | 5.25/ .006/.06 | 12.44/ < .001/.04 | 0.42/ .66/.02 |
| Visual working memory n/N | 30/30 | 21/22 | 55/57 | 51/54 | 40/41 | 68/70 | |||
| - N correct (M, SD) | 36.6 (21.6) | 45.1 (16.2) | 49.2 (24.0) | 54.8 (18.7) | 56.1 (20.2) | 60.7 (19.3) | 17.93/ < .001/.12 | 3.94/ .048/.01 | 0.11/ .90/.01 |
| VISUAL PATTERN RECOGNITION | |||||||||
| Visual pattern recognition n/N | 27/30 | 14/22 | 55/57 | 53/54 | 39/41 | 50/70 | |||
| - MRT (M, SD) | 1701.7 (549.2) | 1528.3 (392.1) | 1524.0 (409.0) | 1451.8 (458.0) | 1666.1 (532.6) | 1255.0 (285.5) | 7.14/ .001/.08 | 4.76/ .03/.04 | 1.72/ .18/.02 |
| - % errors (M, SD) | 14.4 (11.0) | 15.1 (9.4) | 10.3 (8.3) | 8.8 (6.0) | 8.2 (5.5) | 7.5 (5.7) | 10.41/ < .001/.10 | 0.01/ .91/ < .01 | 0.65/ .53/.01 |
| BASIC PROCESSING SPEED | |||||||||
| Basic processing speed n/N | 29/30 | 22/22 | 57/57 | 53/54 | 40/41 | 70/70 | |||
| - MRT (M, SD) | 374.3 (178.0) | 332.8 (64.1) | 335.9 (113.1) | 300.0 (79.0) | 325.6 (67.3) | 299.9 (51.1) | 6.87/ .001/.07 | 6.46/ .012/.03 | 2.38/ .09/.04 |
| - SDRT (M, SD) | 170.2 (151.0) | 140.0 (85.0) | 135.3 (105.6) | 97.9 (60.6) | 126.1 (106.3) | 87.7 (54.5) | 8.15/ < .001/.08 | 5.56/ .019/.02 | 0.95/ .39/.02 |
Note: Comparisons are based on variance analyses with normalized dependent variables, with age and sex as covariates and ASD, IQ and ASD by IQ as factors. Findings printed in bold are significant after correction for multiple testing using the False Discovery rate procedure with a q-value setting of .05 (correction for 16 variables, correction separately for both main effects and the interaction effect). MRT = Mean reaction time; SDRT = Standard deviation of reaction time.