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. 2015 Sep 10;6:472–485. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.005

Fig 2.

Fig 4

The Roles of ROS in autophagy and extracellular trap formation. Autophagy can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondria and phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) in response to nutrient starvation and bacterial infection. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibit autophagy by decreasing mitochondrial and NOX2-generated ROS. Autophagy, mitochondrial ROS, and NOX2-generated ROS have also been found to be important for extracellular trap (ET) formation. The mechanisms of how these three factors are involved and interact in ET formation, especially in mitochondrial DNA-based ET formation, are not clear.