Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients Presenting With Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella Disease and Associated Risk Factors in Children and Adults
| Characteristic | NTS Bacteremia, No. Positive/No. Tested (%) |
Other Admissions, No. Positive/ No. Tested (%) |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
P Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children | n = 357 | n = 75 676 | ||||
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Sex, male | 199 (55.7) | 42 495/75 676 (56.4) | 0.96 (.78–1.17) | .667 | ||
| Temperature | ||||||
| Low | 24/351 (6.9) | 11 070/74 361 (14.9) | 0.78 (.49–1.21) | .271 | 0.24 (.07–.80) | .020 |
| Normal | 66/351 (18.8) | 22 792/74 361 (30.7) | ||||
| High | 261/351 (74.4) | 40 499/74 361 (54.5) | 2.17 (1.66–2.82) | <.001 | 2.03 (1.27–3.28) | <.001 |
| Diarrhea | 103/344 (29.9) | 13 739/72 561 (18.9) | 1.88 (1.50–2.36) | <.001 | ||
| Vomiting | 110 (32.0) | 19 121/73 396 (26.1) | 1.33 (1.06–1.67) | .012 | ||
| Malnutrition | 103 (31.4) | 12 619/70 584 (17.9) | 2.16 (1.71–2.71) | <.001 | 2.25 (1.47–3.44) | <.001 |
| Severe pneumonia | 61 (17.1) | 12 563/75 676 (16.8) | ||||
| Very severe | 60 (16.9) | 10 324/75 676 (13.8) | 1.2 (.84–1.71) | .319 | ||
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| Splenomegaly | 40 (19.0) | 3351/56 026 (6.0) | 3.66 (2.60–5.15) | <.001 | 4.61 (2.70–7.86) | <.001 |
| Hepatomegaly | 37 (17.6) | 4133/56 027 (7.4) | 2.67 (1.88–3.79) | <.001 | ||
| Laboratory features | ||||||
| Malaria slide positive | 99/352 (28.1) | 18 645/71 973 (25.9) | 1.08 (.85–1.36) | .532 | ||
| HIV positive | 60/249 (24.1) | 1998/31 077 (6.4) | 4.53 (3.39–6.06) | <.001 | 5.16 (3.29–8.07) | <.001 |
| Adults | n = 30 | n = 22 894 | ||||
| Clinical features | ||||||
| Sex, male | 11 (36.7) | 9846/22 894 (43.0) | 0.77 (.36–1.61) | .485 | ||
| Temperature | ||||||
| Low | 9 (30.0) | 7336/21 339 (34.4) | 1.37 (.54–3.46) | .501 | ||
| Normal | 9 (30.0) | 10 076/21 339 (47.2) | 1 | |||
| High | 12 (40.0) | 3927/21 339 (18.4) | 3.42 (1.44–8.13) | .005 | ||
| Diarrhea | 14 (46.7) | 1604/21 541 (7.4) | 10.88 (5.30–22.32) | <.001 | 4.34 (1.88–10.02) | .001 |
| Vomiting | 12 (40.0) | 2501/21 542 (11.6) | 5.08 (2.44–10.55) | <.001 | ||
| Splenomegaly | 2 (6.7) | 217/21 527 (1.0) | 7.01 (1.66–29.63) | .008 | ||
| Hepatomegaly | 5 (16.7) | 762/21 528 (3.5) | 5.45 (2.08–14.28) | .001 | ||
| Laboratory features | ||||||
| Malaria slide positive | 0/24 (0) | 251/7771 (3.2) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | |||
| HIV positive | 21/23 (91.3) | 2583/9351 (27.6) | 27.51 (6.45–117.42) | <.001 | 20.41 (4.67–89.21) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; NTS, nontyphoidal Salmonella; OR, odds ratio.