. 2014 Nov 5;30(9):1152–1161. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czu120

Table 2.

Progressivity of health financing contribution, 2003–2006

Financing sources	2002		2004		2006
Financing sources	CI^a	Fraction^b	CI^a	Fraction^b	CI^a	Fraction^b
1. Direct tax	0.8221	0.20	0.8162	0.21	0.7687	0.23
2. Indirect tax	0.5594	0.38	0.5958	0.37	0.5512	0.33
3. Social insurance contribution	0.4975	0.06	0.4561	0.07	0.4492	0.08
4. Private insurance premium	0.3785	0.09	0.4221	0.09	0.4188	0.08
5. Direct payment	0.4883	0.27	0.4626	0.26	0.4705	0.28
Overall	0.5719	1.00	0.5822	1.00	0.5593	1.00

^aConcentration index (CI) > 0 indicates concentration among the economically better off. This means ‘progressive’ taxation, where the rich pay relatively more than the poor.

^bFraction of total health expenditure from National Health Accounts.

Source: Prakongsai et al. (2009).