Table 3.
Cross–sectional relationship between religiosity and cardiovascular risk factors
| Religiosity | Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% Confidence
Interval) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Smoker* | Excessive Alcohol Consumption* | Regular Exercise* | Hypertension | Diabetes Mellitus | Dyslipidemia | Overweight/obesity* | |
| Not religious at all | Reference | ||||||
| Slightly religious | 0.78 (0.73–0.84) | 0.96 (0.91–1.03) | 1.01 (0.95–1.09) | 0.95 (0.87–1.04) | 0.91 (0.80–1.05) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.03 (0.96–1.10) |
| Somewhat religious | 0.66 (0.61–0.71) | 0.90 (0.84–0.97) | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | 0.90 (0.82–0.99) | 0.85 (0.73–0.98) | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) | 1.17 (1.08–1.26) |
| Religious | 0.60 (0.53–0.67) | 0.78 (0.70–0.85) | 1.25 (1.14–1.37) | 0.93 (0.83–1.05) | 1.00 (0.84–1.20) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 1.33 (1.20–1.47) |
Excessive alcohol consumption was defined as consuming alcohol more than two drinks/day for male and one drink/day for female. Regular exercise was defined as exercising at least three times a week. Hypertension was defined as having history of hypertension or abnormality in 2005. Diabetes mellitus was defined as having history of diabetes mellitus or abnormality in 2005. Dyslipidemia was defined as having history of dyslipidemia or abnormality in 2005. Overweight/obesity was defined as those with body mass index was more than 25 kg/m2 based on World Health Organization criteria.
Adjusted odds ratios: Models related to health habits were adjusted for age, gender, marital status, occupations, BMI, and other health habits except for outcome of interests. Models related to outcomes; hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and overweight/obesity were adjusted on age, gender, marital status, occupations, BMI, health habits, and relevant clinical risk factors(ie, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia); results in bold indicate statistically significant differences with a P–value less than 0.05.
Indicates a statistical significance for the global P–value for each outcome.