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. 2015 Oct 6;6:8431. doi: 10.1038/ncomms9431

Figure 5. Three-dimensional multivariate analysis of H. naledi wrist bone shape.

Figure 5

The first (CAN1) and second (CAN2) canonical variates of the (a) scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid (STT, inset image) combined, including 15 angles, 13 relative areas and two curvatures, and (b) the capitate and hamate (CH, inset image) combined, including 12 angles, 9 relative areas and 4 other hamate metrics. In the STT analysis CAN1 and CAN2 explain 79.6% and 12.7% of the variance, respectively, and in the CH analysis CAN1 explains 84.8% and CAN2 8.9%, respectively. Fossil elements were analysed as test classification cases only and do not contribute to the observed variation along the canonical axes. In all cases, the posterior probabilities classify the Hand 1 (and Neandertal) wrist bones as 100% H. sapiens, compared with A. afarensis AL 333 classified as H. sapiens (50%) and Pongo (50%), A. sediba as Gorilla (52%) and Pongo (39%), and H. floresiensis as Gorilla (62%) and Pongo (36%).