Table 1.
ARIA Literature on DR at a Glance
|
Reference No. |
DR Task |
Method |
Public Dataset? |
No. of images |
Image Type |
Validation Level |
Sensitivity |
Specificity |
| 2 | MA, dot HM | Pixel clustering, kNN | No | 16,670 | Color fundus | Image | 47.7% | 90% |
| 51 | MA | Radon transform, wavelet preprocessing | Yes | 100 | Color fundus | Lesion | 50% | >10 false positive per image |
| 49 | MA | Wavelet transform | Yes | 100 | Color fundus | Lesion | 60% | 8 false positive per image |
| 52 | MA | Double-ring filter | Yes | 100 | Color fundus | Lesion | 65% | 27 false positive per image |
| 53 | MA | Wavelet, genetic algorithm | No | 1115 | Color fundus + angiogram | Lesion | 90.24% | 89.75% |
| 54 | MA | Diameter closing, feature extraction, classification | No | 115 | Color fundus | Lesion | 88.50% | 2.13 false positive per image |
| 55 | MA | Edge inference | No | 49 | Color fundus | Lesion | 68% | >40 false positive per image |
| 48 | Exudates | Machine learning | No | 430 | Color fundus | Lesion | 95% | 88% |
| 43 | MA, dot HM | Combination of methods | No | 15,473 | Color fundus | Image | 97.90% | 67.40% |
| 56 | MA | Watershed contrast normalization | No | 1677 | Color fundus | Image | 85.40% | 83.10% |
| 57 | MA | Wavelet template matching | No | 995 | Green channel fundus | Lesion | 87.90% | 96.20% |
| 58 | MA | Generalized eigenvectors | No | 70 | Color fundus | Region | 93% | NA |
| 59 | MA | 2-D adaptive filtering, region growing | No | 11 | Angiogram | Region | 90.72% | 82.35% |
| 50 | MA, dot HM | Pixel classification | No | 240 | Color fundus | Region | 100% | 87% |
| 60 | MA, dot HM | RetinaLyze (proprietary) | No | 400 | Color fundus | Image | 96.70% | 71.40% |
| 61 | Drusen | Histogram-adaptive local thresholding | No | 23 | Color fundus | Region | 98.80% | 99.31% |
| 62 | MA, HM | Morphological, region growing, neural network | No | 142 | Color fundus | Region | 77.50% | 88.70% |
| 63 | Exudates | Dynamic clustering with domain knowledge | No | 543 | Color fundus | Image | 100% | 74% |
| 64 | MA | Morphological, region growing | No | 46 | Color fundus | Image | 90% | 80% |
| 65 | Exudates | Statistical classification with local window-based verification | No | 200 | Color fundus | Image | 100% | 70% |
| 66 | MA | Manual rule-based classifier | No | 3885 | Red-free | Image | 85% | 76% |
| 46 | MA, HM, exudates, cotton wool | Estimate background intensity, extract candidate regions for classification | No | 268 | Color fundus | Lesion | 94% | 69% |
| 67 | MA, dot HM | Pattern recognition | No | 400 | 35-mm color slides | Lesion | NA | NA |
| 68 | MA | Manual rule-based classifier | No | 88 | Angiogram | Lesion | 82% | 84% |
| 69 | HM, exudates | Neural network | No | 480 | Red-free | Region | 73.80% | 73.80% |
| 70 | MA | Matched filter | No | 6 | Angiogram | Lesion | 45% | >150 false positive per image |
MA, microaneurysm; HM, haemorrhage; kNN, k-nearest neighbor.