. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Refresh Courses Anesthesiol. 2015;43(1):15–26. doi: 10.1097/ASA.0000000000000033

Table 3.

Randomized Controlled Trials Investigating the Effect of Regional Anesthesia/Analgesia versus General Anesthesia and/or Conventional Analgesia for Long-term Functional Outcomes after Major Joint Replacement

Study Blinding	Intervention	Control	Outcomes
Primary Total Hip Replacement
Ilfeld³³ Triple	CLPB until POD 4	CLPB until POD 1	WOMAC at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months
Primary Total Knee Replacement
Ilfeld³⁴ Triple	CFNB until POD 4	CFNB until POD 1	WOMAC at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months
Kadic³⁵ Single	CFNB	No block	Knee function after 3 months (knee range of motion, KSS), WOMAC
Nader³⁶ Unblinded	CFNB Epidural infusion until POD 1	No block Epidural infusion until morning of POD 1	Knee flexion and functional outcomes at 1, 6, and 12 months
Singelyn²⁹ Unblinded	-CFNB -Epidural analgesia	No block	Knee flexion at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively
Tammachote³⁷ Single	Periarticular infiltration	Intrathecal morphine	Knee flexion and Thai version of the WOMAC at 6 and 12 weeks
Wu³⁸ Unblinded	CFNB until POD 3	No block	KSS (difference with preoperative value) at discharge, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively
Zhang³⁹ Double	Periarticular infiltration then ropivacaine/ketorolac infusion	Saline intraarticular infusion	Maximum knee flexion at 90 days

CLPB, continuous lumbar plexus block; CFNB, continuous femoral nerve block; POD, postoperative day; KSS, Knee Society Score; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index.